340 



common among the abundant rock-shells cast up on the 

 shore, we collected only two tiny T. jourdani . We con- 

 chided, therefore, that this rare species lives at a greater 

 depth than T. stammeus, hence the gulls cannot get them, 

 and they are but seldom washed up. Dr. Torr explored the 

 reefs in water up to his breast, secured by a safety-line to 

 prevent him from being carried away by the undertow of the 

 swell; but though T. stamiiieiis was obtained in abundance, 

 not a single example of T. jourdani was taken. This deeper 

 habitat probably accounts for its rarity in collections. 



Since writing the above Mrs. J. F. Irvine, of Ingle- 

 side, Tasmania, tells me she has two fairly good specimens, 

 sent to her some years ago by Captain Irvine. They came 

 from Rottnest Island, off the western coast of Western Aus- 

 tralia. Dr. Torr also informs me that an individual was 

 taken alive by Mr. Kopp, when he was keeper of the light- 

 house at Cape Borda, Kangaroo Island, at low tide, between 

 Cape Borda and Snug Cove, on the shore of Investigator 

 Strait. 



The operculum was unknown to Kiener. It is of an 

 oval shape, paucispiral, the largest having only five whorls, 

 with the nucleus at a distance from the wider end of about 

 one-fifth of the long diameter, proportionately much nearer 

 the margin than in any other of our Turbos. The internal 

 surface is slightly concave, with a low rounded cushion where 

 the new spiral touches the old ; beyond this is a shallow, 

 rapidly-widening, slightly spiral depression, extending to the 

 border. The external surface is smooth and polished. One 

 margin, in an example 81 mm. in its long diameter, is 16 mm. 

 in thickness, and the opposite is 5 mm., with a gradual slgpe 

 between. A low spiral fulness runs obliquely across the 

 outer face corresponding with the depression on the other 

 side. 



Turbo gruneri, Philippi. PI. xviii., f. 36, 37. 



Philippi, in Zeit. fur Malak, 1846, p. 98, gives the type 

 locality as "The Colony of Adelaide, New Holland." It 

 occurs all along our South Australian coastline, as would 

 be expected since it is found in Victoria, and in Western 

 Australia as far round as Swan River (Sowerby). It has 

 been dredged alive in 12, 13, 15, and 16 fathoms in Inves- 

 tigator Strait and in the open sea outside Backstairs Passage. 



The operculum is elliptical and thick, paucispiral, with a 

 chitinous layer on its inner surface. The outer surface is 

 smooth, but shows some curved earlike processes, similar to 

 but not nearly so valid as those found on the opercula of 

 T. stamineus. 



