to "Redbanks show only a section of greatly faulted beds be- 

 longing to the ''upper group." 



su:m:maiiy. 



To summarise the observations made on the two Primary 

 groups, the whole district may be considered as formed of 

 slates and sandstones (upper group), broken up on its western 

 edge by upheaved limestones, slates, and quartzites. The 

 varying dip and strike, great metamorphism and faultings, to- 

 gether with the presence of intrusive rock, characterising the 

 *' lower group," suggest that an immense period elapsed be- 

 tween the depositions of the "upper" and "lower" series. 

 The lower group had been faulted and upheaved before the 

 upper beds were deposited, and in the subsequent convulsions 

 of nature the force which upheaved and faulted the whole 

 country still further faulted the underlying limestone group. 



The occurrence of the Tertiary sandstone capping the old 

 Primary rocks is suggestive of its being a shallow water for- 

 mation, and as a slow upheaval went on the products of 

 denudation would necessarily gravitate into the lowest hollows 

 — precisely as we now find them — and finally form the conglo- 

 merate beds so common in the different vallej^s. The eroding 

 action of the watercourses have cut their channels through 

 them where conditions were favourable, leaving the conglo- 

 merate beds in patches on the flanks or slopes of hills over- 

 looking the valley. Where, then, a conglomerate patch exists 

 above a watercourse, it bears silent testimony to the eroding 

 influence of the stream below. Further than this, it testifies 

 how very long a period has reall}^ elapsed since the dawn of 

 what we still call "recent" geological time. 



In the absence of pal?eontological evidence all identification 

 of rocks based solely on their lithological features is open to a 

 greater or less amount of doubt, but a faithfully recorded 

 sequence of conformable strata in any one locality becomes a 

 clue deserving consideration when examining neighbouring 

 districts the topographical features of which suggest a relation 

 thereto. 



It has been shown that the upheaval ot the western side of 

 the AVakefield basin has had the effect of folding and faulting 

 the beds of the upper group, producing the swells which by 

 denudation of the softer portions now form the numerous 

 parallel ranges extending northward. In the troughs of 

 synclinal folds, or along the line of fa-ults, the numerous creeks 

 have worn deep channels, and owing to this circumstance, i.e., 

 the water following an indicated or read3-formed system of 

 drainage, there are very few gorges or natural sections through- 

 out the whole district. 



