xii INTRODUCTION. 
A. floribunda, Teinostachyum attenuatum and Ochlandra задата. Thus, the bamboo 
flora of Ceylon may be said to approach very nearly to that of the hills of the 
Western Ghats of Southern India. 
In region (5), Вехслт, Nomru-Easr HIMALAYA AND Assam, the most charac- 
teristic species are probably Dendrocalamus Hamilton in the north, Bambusa 
Tulda in the middle region, and Melocanna bambusoides in the south; all of them 
gregarious species. This region has the large number of 49 species so far known, 
but of these 8 are acclimatized only. Тһе most noticeable point is the 
abundance of species of Arundinaria and Phyllostachys, of which there are по 
less than 18 species described up to date. In order, however, to discuss 
the characteristics of this region, we must divide № into sub-regions and refer 
to each separately. In the first sub-region, the plains country of Lower 
Bengal and the valleys, Bambusa Tulda, B. Balcooa, and В. arundinacea are found 
about villages. In the second, the hills of the North-East Himalaya in Sikkim and 
Bhutan, the common species of the lower hills and “Terai” is Dendrocalamus 
Hamiltonn; as we ascend up to 4,000 feet, Bambusa nutans, Dendrocalamus sik- 
himensis and Arundinaria intermedia are met with, with other less common species; 
higher up again, 4,000 to 6,000 feet, come Cephalostachyum capitatum, Psendos- 
tachyum polymorphum, Arundinaria Hookeriana, Teinostachyum Dullooa, Dendrocalamus 
patellaris and others; in the forests of 6,000 to 9,000 feet comes Arundinaria 
racemosa, the common gregarious small bamboo of Darjeeling; while above 8,000 
feet we get the small variety of the same with 4. aristata and 4. Falconeri.. In 
the ¿hird sub-region, of Assam and Ше Khasia and Naga Hills, the low country 
is characterized by Bambusas such as В. Tulda, В. nutans, В. teres, В. pallida, 
B. khasiana, and В. Balcooa; with Gigantochloa macrostachya, Dendrocalamus 
Hookeri, D. Hamiltoni and D. longispathus, | Pseudostachywm polymorphum, 
Teinostachyum Grifithii and T. Dullooa, and Melocanna bambusoides; while the 
hills are remarkable for several species of Arundinaria such as A. elegans, A. 
polystachya, А. Grifithiana, A. callosa, А. khasiana, A. hirsuta, A. suberecta, 
and the interesting new species А. Prainii, A. Manni, and А. Rolloana.. То 
these may be added Phyllostachys bambusoides, Teinostachyum Helferi, and several 
species. of Cephalostachyum, the chief of which are C. capitatum and С. pergracile. 
Dendrocalamus. sikkimensis occurs in the Garo Hills, and in Sylhet Bambusa poly- 
morpha and Melocalamus compactiflorus may be found. Finally, the fourth sub- 
region of Chittagong and its Hill Tracts is noticeable for the dense growth of 
Melocanna. bambusoides covering the low hills with its culms which, being thrown 
up from suckers, speedily occupy every vacant space of ground. In the valleys 
and forests Bambusa Tulda, Teinostachyum Dullooa, Gigantochloa . macrostachya, 
endrocalamus longispathus, Melocalamus | compactiflorus and Dinochloa Ме Сеат: 
are the most remarkable kinds. 
Region (6), Burma, has so far Кон 42 species, е об Е 3 пати, 
but this is only a beginning, for new species are being discovered аз Upper Twin 
18 explored, | and it may be noted that, during the printing of this work, the beautiful 
E. | _ #44, with the two described in appendix. 
