DAEMONOROPS. 
INTRODUCTION. 
I.—The Stem. 
IN respect of the conditions of existence in general, of the nature of the 
vegetative organs, and in especial of the stem, all that has been already said regarding 
the Calami may equally be said of the Daemonorops, which, for the most part, are 
typical climbing palms: nevertheless certain mountain species, such as D. petiolaris, 
D. microthamnus, D. monticolus, D. tabacinus, D.  calicarpus, D. Kunstlerii, form 
exceptions, as also D. brevipes (a species inhabiting lower regions) in all of which 
the scandent nature is more or less masked. l 
Also D. microstachys, D. scapigerus, and D. acanthobolus, possess a very short 
and erect stem. Some species, moreover, which begin to flower while still very 
young, may at first be erect, and become scandent only with age. 
II.—The Leaves. 
All the Daemonorops (comprising also those which are only very slightly or 
not at all scandent) have the leaves of the upper portion of their stems more or less 
cirriferous. Contrary, therefore, to what occurs in the  Calami, no Daemcnorops 
is known of which every leaf is unfurnished with cirri, although in all the repre- 
sentatives of this genus the radical leaves and those of the lowest portion of the 
stem are always wanting in this appendix, and terminate in two small leaflets. 
In D. ursinus only have 1 found the terminal cirrus almost rudimentary. The 
leaflets of the leaves in Daemonorops are always more or less linear in shape; only 
in a very few species do they assume an oblong form (D. didymophyllus), but 
never an oval or a rhomboidal; their extremities are always acuminate, never 
truncate or premorse; they are always straight and symmetrical, never sigmoid, or 
with evanescent nerves along their margins; usually they are uni-costate, or at most 
sub-tri-costulate, and, with the exception of D. macrophyllus, never truly 5-costulate. 
III.—The Leaf-sheaths. 
The leaf-sheaths never bear flagella; in the bigh scandent species, the leaf-sheaths 
at the summit are gibbous in form, and, as in the Calami, are armed with spines, — 
There is, however, a kind of spinescence which appears to be peculiar to a 
special group of Daemonorops, namely, that group in which the spines, united at 
their bases, form a membranous circle or collar around the leaf-sheaths. 
These circles or collars again are sometimes disposed in pairs, so as to form, 
between each pair, a kind of circular gallery, in which ants take up their 
abode, as will be more fully explained later. 
Ann. Roy. Bor. Gard., Carcurra, Vor. XII. 
