THE SEED. 9 
Sometimes the seed is more or less compressed or flattened, but more often it 
shows a prominence or swelling on the side of the raphe (D.  melanochaetes, D. 
Pierreanus, D. angustifolius). In Calamus the depression of the chalaza or chalazian fovea, 
is very strongly marked on the raphal side, but in Daemonorops it is most often 
hardly to be made out, being quite superficial and punctiform; however, in the 
species belonging to the D. Draco group, it is indicated by a very narrow furrow. 
Only in the seeds of D. Calapparius among all those of the genus Daemonorops 
which I have cut open, have I found it very distinct, pit-like and running almost 
into the centre of the albumen. In D. leptopus the rumination of the seed is 
only very slightly marked. The embryo in Daemonorops is, without exception, basal 
or nearly so. 
X.—Floral and extrajfloral Nectaries. 
As in Calamus, so in Deamonorops, one meets with organic parts which bear 
the appearance of extra-nuptial nectaries. Also in Daemonorops the aforeeaid parts 
sometimes are more evident than in the other genus, although situated in the 
same places, namely, in the axilla of the leaflets, and at every division of the 
spadix at the junction of the branches and of the branchlets, as well as at the 
axilla of the appendicular organs of the spikelets. From observations subsequent to 
those published by me under Calamus, I have been enabled. to observe how very 
numerous are the palms which exhibit tumefactions or callosities at the bases of 
the segments of pinnated fronds; these tumefactions are formed of a tissue which 
even on purely superficial examination, appears to differ entirely from that of the 
rachis and of the leaflets. In the palms most commonly cultivated in our gardens 
in Europe, such tumefactions are extremely plain in Phoeniz, but they are so above 
all others in the}Cocos of the C. capitata group, in which there exists, in the superior 
axil of the leaflets, and also in the hollow formed by the bending down of their 
limb on the under-surface, a fissure having more or less tumified edges of a light 
colour. 
In Gaussia splendens, a Cuban palm, these callosities or tumefactions at the 
base of every segment are developed in a very unusual degree. In Philoga polystachia 
Noronha (Dypsis modifera Mart), a palm of Madagascar, the callosities in the axilla 
of the leaflets are very large, and appear to be frequently visited by certain insects. 
which transform them into quite conspicuous galls. 
In the Cocos mentioned, I have not observed that the callosities were ever 
visited by insects of any kind, nor have I ever noticed any nectar flowing out of 
the fissure; while, on the contrary, I have seen insects, and especially bees, in great 
numbers upon their flowers. it is therefore possible that those callosities of Phoeniz 
and Cocos act in both cases purely as supports to their respective leaflets, but it is 
also possible that in certain palms they may act as lures to particular kinds of 
insects, such as ants, for I have observed that in Phoenix sylvestris and Cocos capitata 
and related species, many of the cells of which these callosities are composed 
are saturated with a saccharine fluid. 
I have since been able to satisfy myself that the same thing occurs in the 
hard callosities found at the axils of the male spikelets in D. verticillaris which 
Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp, Carcurra, Vor, XII. 
