14 INTRODUCTION, 
have come, and, on the other, the two found in the Andaman Group (D. Manii and 
D. Kurzianus). These latter again, by way of Sumatra, may have generated all the 
forms allied to D. melanochaetes. 
India, properly so-called, possesses only the three species already mentioned, 
namely, D. Jenkinsianus in the North-East and D. Kurzianus and D. Manii in the 
Andamans, but reckoning the Malayan Peninsula flora as belonging to the Indian, 
then the total number of Daemonorops forming part of that flora amounts to 33, 
of these only 4 or 5 are not endemic and quite 18 species rank as members of 
the Cymbospatha group. In Borneo the existence of 26 species of Daemonorops has 
been verified, of which 24 belong to the Piptospaiha group, and only two to the 
Cymbospatha (typical), namely, D. fissus and D. melanochaetes, plus D. ursinus, which, 
however, constitutes a type quite peculiar to Borneo. Of the 24 Bornean Pipiospathae, 
four (D. Draconcellus, D. mattanensis, D. sporsiflorus and D. Moileyi) belong to the 
D. Draco group; five others (D. ozyearpus, D. microstachys, D. elongatus, D. Korthalsit 
and D. vagans) to that of D. Hystriz. | 
Seven or eight species of  Daemonorops, especially those forming part of the 
D. mirabilis group, appear provided with a more or less perfect apparatus, intended 
to promote mutualism between them and certain kinds of ants, Of this number 
are D. formicarius, D. mirabilis, D. annulatus, D. collariferus, and in a lesser degree 
D. crinitus, D. cristatus, D. acanthobolus, and D. scapigerus, All the Daemonorops of 
Borneo are indigenous, save five, which are D.  melanochaeíes, D. persacanthus, 
D. elongatus, D. vagans and D. didymophyllus. The somewhat wide diffusion of D. 
. periacanthus is very probably due to the greater facilities for dissemination it enjoys, 
being, as it is, a littoral species. 
Next to the Malay Peninsula and Borneo in wealth of species ranks Sumatra 
with its 14 or 15; but. probably, in this great island, there exist several new 
species still awaiting discovery; on the other hand, some of those indicated as 
Sumatran have been included in the list on very uncertain data. 
Of the 14 Jaemonorops proper to Sumatra, six species belong to Cymbospatha, 
and among these D, melanochaetes is the mostly widely diffused, and is represented 
under the most varied forms, or even as distinct yet closely allied species, 
Among the Sumatran Cymbospathae are some very characteristic forms, such as 
D. stenophyllus and D. singalanus, The latter however is not wanting in features of 
close analogy to D. Sepal of the Malayan Peninsula. There is also D. írichrous, 
which scarcely differs from D. angustifolius of the Malay Peninsula. ‘Taken all 
together, Sumatra has fewer peculiar forms of Daemonorops than have Borneo and 
the Malayan Peninsula, since of the 14 or 15 species the presence of which 
appears to be authenticated, only half can be really held as indigenous; one, D. 
periacanthus, is also common to Borneo, Bangka and the Malayan Peninsula; two are 
said to have been found in Java also (D. smelanochaetes and D. oblongus); and five 
others (D.  Hysiriz, D. verticillaris, D. didymophyllus, D. longipes and D, geniculatus) 
are also inhabitants of the Malayan Peninsula. Among the purely Sumatran species, 
two (D. Forbesi and D. pseudo-mirabilis) have the very closest affinity to some Bornean 
species. 
