58 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIO GARDEN, CALCUTTA. [D. grandis 
9. Dazmonorops GRANDIS Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii, 327, pl 175, f. ix and 
pl. Z xii, f£. 11 (diagr.); Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii, 88; Teijsm. et Binn. 
Cat. Hort. Bot, Bogor. 74; Walp. Ann. iii, 476 and v, 827; Hook. f. 
Fl. Brit. Ind. vi, 463; Becc. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. ii, 219. 
Calamus grandis Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. v, 84, and Palms Brit. 
India, 91, pl. CCX A and also B and C?) and pl CCXVI, f. iii; 
H. Wendl. in Kerch. Palm. 236; Miq. De Palm. Are. Ind, 28. 
DrzscRiPTION.—Robust and scandent. Sheathed stem 3-4 cm. in diamter. Leaf-sheaths 
strongly gibbous above, covered with a dark, crustaceous, removable tomentum, rather 
densely armed with unequal, more or less obliquely and interruptedly  seriate, non- 
confluent, laminar, brown or blackish, broad-based spines, of which some are very 
short and others 2-3 cm. long and flexible, horizontal or slightly deflexed ; those 
near the mouth ascendent. Ocrea very short. Leaves (of the upper part of the plant) 
very large, in one specimen 2:5 m. in the pinniferous part (including the petiole) 
and prolonged into a long, robust and very strongly clawed cirrus; petiole 30—40 
em. long (2 feet, Griffith), flattish or slightly convex above, where armed at the 
sides with short prickles, its margins acute and also armed with short prickles, of 
which some point upwards and others more robust are horizontal; underneath the 
petiole is rounded and sparsely armed along the centre with short spines, which become 
closer and are gradually transformed into solitary claws upwards; rachis flattish on 
the upper surface in the first portion, and with a very obtuse carina along the centre 
and sparsely prickly at the margins: only towards the apex it is trigonous, the carina 
being transformed into a salient angle with two side-faces; on the lower surface the 
claws, which are solitary at first, become 3-nate and at the apex form half-whorls 
of 6-8. Leaflets numerous (36 pairs in one specimen), equidistant, alternate or 
subopposite, rather thickly papyraceous, pale or almost glaucescent beneath, ensi- 
form, somewhat narrowed and suddenly backwardly plicate at the base, gradually 
acuminate from not very far above the base to a slender, not bristly tip; upper 
surface with the mid-costa acute and conspicuously raised, the secondary nerves numerous 
and slender, and all quite naked ; underneath the mid-costa is slender and smooth or 
slightly spinulous from the middle upwards; the other nerves are all naked; margins 
smooth or sparingly, minutely and appressedly spinulous near the apex; the largest 
leaflets 40-50 cm. long, and 3 cm. broad; the upper leaflets shorter and a few at 
the base of the cirrus quite rudimentary, Male spadic . . . . Female spadis 
attached eccentrically about 15 cm. below the mouth of its sheath on the ventral 
side, but apparently emerging from the axil of the leaves; before flowering it is 
fusiform, 35-60 cm. long (including the beak), erect, with a very short prickly 
uncle; outer spathe elongate-cymbiform, gradually narrowing into a long beak, 
rather acutely dorsally two-keeled, more or less densely armed with laminar, 
subulate, very sharp, elastic, blackish spines, which are solitary or confluent 
in small series of 2-5, point upwards and have a broad callous base with 
a narrow furrow above it; the beak itself is about as long as the body, 
apinous only at its base; second spathe (not seen by me) with a few spines 
near its apex, the others usually unarmed and more or less rusty-furfuraceous. 
