D. calicarpus-) BECCARI. THE SPECIES OF DAEMONOROPS. 95 
and densely armed with very approximate, almost complete, oblique circles or series 
of long (up to 3-4 cm.) narrowly laminar, subulate, ascendent spines, with smaller 
series often incomplete of sub-bristly spieulae, erect or sometimes reflexed on the 
dorsum and interposed between the larger series; the spines near the mouth and 
at the base of the petiole longer than elsewhere; on the upper part of the stem 
the sheaths are truncate, not or very indistinctly gibbous above and very short, the 
leaves being very approximate. Ocrea very short, truncate. Leaves very variable 
according to their position; the lower ones l-L'7 m. long, including the petiole, not or 
very shortly cirriferous; petiole 30-45 cm. long, channelled near the base, flat and 
smooth above in its upper part, rounded on the lower aspect, and armed along the dorsum 
with long, laminar, straight, subulate, solitary or more frequently geminate or 3-nate, 
deflexed spines; similar spines but pointing upwards are present on the rather acute 
margins; in the upper leaves the ;petiole gradually becomes shorter and flatter above 
and with shorter spines; rachis smooth throughout, bifaced with a salient angle above 
only near its apex, strongly convex on the lower surface and rather closely armed 
with slender, ternate, often rather straight claws that become still closer and 5-nate 
on the slender cirrus,  Leaffeís rather numerous, approximate, equidistant, elongate, 
linear, rather suddenly narrowed to the base, long-acuminate into a very slender 
subulate setiform apex, almost concolorous on both surfaces, on the upper the 
mid-costa acute, bristly towards the apex and with a rather distinct secondary nerve 
on each side of it, bristly from about the middle upwards; underneath the 
mid-costa very closely and finely bristly, and occasionally accompanied by a 
secondary nerve on each side also bearing a few bristles; margins closely ciliate- 
spinulous; the largest leaflets, those of the lower leaves, 30-40 cm. long and 12-15 
mm. broad; the leaves of the upper and spadicigerous part of the stem shortly petioled 
or subsessile, much smaller than the lower ones, 0'5-1 m. long, including the cirrus, 
bearing few linear very narrow (4-0 mm. broad) leaflets that are sparingly bristly or 
even glabrous above, but on the lower surface the mid-costa minutely and closely bristly 
as usual. Spadices before flowering fusiform, rather shortly beaked, apparently axillary, 
all approximate towards the summit of the stem, very variable in size, in the largest 
specimens as much jas 40-50 cm. including the beak, but usually 25-30 cm. only, 
erect, supported py a short, flat, bristly-spinulous peduncular part; outer spathe fusiform- 
elliptical, the beak a third or fourth as long jas the body, very densely covered 
with innumerable, often confluent and interruptedly seriate, 3-4 cm. long, flexible 
coarse or criniform, flattened bristles, which are often undulate or almost crisp, usually 
discoloured, pale straw-yellowish, grayish or of a light chestnut-brown colour, more 
rarely darker, erect or pointing in different directions and even deflexed, especially 
near the beak, which is in a great part covered with them; the second spathe is also 
covered with the same kind of bristles, but in a lesser degree; the third is crinite only 
towards the apex. Male spadiz with a very densely cupressiform panicle, bearing 
5-6 partial inflorescences, rusty furfuraceous:in every part; secondary spathes am plectent, : 
bracteiform, triangular, acute or acuminate; partial inflorescences divided into 5-7 
alternate branchelets; each of these with many small spikelets which bear 4-5 flowers 
on each side; axis of the spikelets strongly zig-zag sinuous; spathels bracteiform, 
triangular, acute at one side; involucre a third as long as the calyx, exactly 
cupular, truncate, striately veined externally, the margin not ciliate, with two small 
acute teeth on the side next to the axis and with a distinct axillary callus. Male 
