a, 
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 57 
mastodon, with very numerous specimens of other parts of the head and 
skeleton Meecally, ooogh there is no perfect head. . : 
The most remarkable specimen is a head of _an animal, which Mr. 
Koch calls nondescript, and considers to have been from four to six times 
the size of an elephant, though Dr. Horner esteems it extremely difficult 
to establish this. In the present-mode of exhibition, the head shows a 
central oblong amorphous part, which measures six feet in length by two 
or three in width. It is furnished with enormous tusks, eleven and three- 
twelfths feet long from their roots, and nine or ten inches in diameter— 
one foot and three inches of their length being inserted into the sockets. 
These tusks are semicircular, and stand out horizontally, with the con- 
cavity backwards. Thus placed, they are fifteen feet in a straight line, 
from the tip of the one to the tip of the other. Notwithstanding they 
were found in this position, very just doubts, Dr. Horner thinks, may be 
entertained of its being the natural one, as, in a state of decay of the al- 
veolus, they might readily gravitate outwards, so as to assume that direc- 
tion, subsequent to the death of the animal. This specimen was in fact 
very much decayed, when Mr. Koch found it, and appears to have been 
fractured by rocks falling on it from the bluff above. The means taken 
lo preserve it, obscure the surface of the bones, as well as their configura- 
tion, and in attaching the fragments together, some have been put very 
much out of their position. For example, the glenoid cavity of the right 
side is monstrously far from the hind tooth, and is laterally much beyond 
its ine: the intermaxillary bones are too long, and on comparing the po- 
sition of the posterior molar teeth of the upper jaw with that of the lower, 
© upper molar teeth are found to be ten inches or more in advance of 
the lower, a relation so false and so unsuited to mastication, that it is not 
at all probable nature formed them thus. ‘The molar teeth are four in 
number in each jaw—two on a side; the posterior one is seven inches 
long by four wide ; the anterior, four and a half inches long by four wide. 
The conformation of the teeth is exactly that of the mastodon, and the 
ndges and denticules are scarcely worn at all, a proof that the animal 
was not old. The upper part of the cranium of this animal is defective. 
The Seneral configuration of the head is so amorphous, the fragments of 
Which it is composed have their position so imperfectly regulated, and the 
Whole surface is so coated with glue and paint, to preserve it, that an ex- 
act examination was impracticable. Its length is so extraordinary, that 
Dr. Horner considers it can scarcely be received as natural, and he is in-- 
clined to the Opinion, from its dental system, that it belongs to the mas- 
todon ; that by some accident the remains of two heads were found in 
