80» Geological Survey afi the State of New York. — 
so in New York, and extends, i in an almost unbroken range, from 
the New Jersey line, on the top of the Shawangunk mountain, 
to Rosendale, near Kingston, a distance of forty:three miles, where 
it-disappears beneath the water limestone cn ca 
the Hudson valley. On the higher parts o Lie 
mountain, it generally lies in nearly horizontal strata, often thick 
bedded, and in mural escarpments, of broken ends of the strata, 
thirty. to two hundred feet high ; on the eastern face of the moun- 
tain the strata have a high dip to the east southeast, and on the 
western side the dip is almost uniformly to the west northwest and 
northwest, in some places from 30° to 60°. Two systems of 
fractures, more or less coincident with and transverse to the direc- 
tion, are found; and where the bart movement has been 
along the latter, the dip is,N. N. E. or 8. S. W; where the up 
heave has been longitudinal, the dip is W. N. W. or E. 8. EB. 
The same general principles hold true in the rocks lying lower in 
the series, as the Hudson slate group, and the rocks of the High- 
lands. Most of the streams follow these lines of fracture, chang- 
ing from one to the other, to produce many of their changes of 
direction. Some of these lines of fault have been traced for 
many miles across mountains and valleys. 
“‘In the rocks thus described, there is evidence of at least three 
elevatory movements, viz. one (at least) before the deposition of 
the Shawangunk grit strata ; another after the deposition of this 
and the Helderberg and Catskill series, and before the tertiary 
epoch ; and another since that period. 'The Hudson slate group 
consists of a series of slates, shales, grits and limestones, with st 
licious and calcareous breccias, and hypogene and Plutonic rock 
which correspond in many respects with the “Cambrian system” 
of Prof. Sedgwick, and occupies most of the country betwee! 
the Highlands on the southeast and the Shawangunk mountains 
on the northwest, and forms the mass of the latter mountains be 
low the Shawangunk grit. From Kingston, it ranges along the 
western bank of the Hudson, to Albany, (ninety miles,) undet- 
lying the superincumbent rocks, unconformably with few, ex: 
ceptions. Its range on the left bank of the Hudson, as far as eX 
amined, is detailed in the second annual report. Its fossils, ob 
served this year, area few impressions of shells, and some F'ucoides; 
or Graptolites, from the black shale below the Shawangunk gu 
from 500 to 700 feet above the valley,” 
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