- 128 Noticeof Geological Surveys. ee . 
< ~ ; 
The economical results of the present geological report are so 
similar to those recited from the former one, and SO full an 
account 
_ of eastern and central Ohio was given by Dr. Hildreth in Vol- 
ume xxxrx, of this Journal, that a few extracts deseri iptive of the © 
geology of Butler and some adjacent counties, which is below 
the carboniferous’ series, will -suffice. The rocks in the south- 
- western portion of the state are thus described by Dr. Locke: 
_4¢The rocks in the western ‘states- below the coal formation have 
evidently been deposited in. the bed of a deep primitive ocean, 
and consist of alternations and mixtures of crystalline and sedi- 
mentary matters, mostly in thin layers, varying from one inch to 
twenty four inches. The cryséalline strata are mostly carbonate 
‘of lime. - The sedimentary strata are, in the lower portions, ality , 
marl, and in the upper portions clay and sandstone. ‘The mi 
tures are in the lower portions, lime and clay, forming either a 
durable slate limestone, or an indurated. marl which falls to pieces 
on exposure to the air; in the superior portions, of lime, clay, 
and sand, forming an arenaceous limestone. © All of these forma- 
tions abound with the fossilized remains of marine animals.” 
The arrangement of the rocks is shown in the ior ube 
beginning at the bottom. 
“1. Blue limestone, (coming to the surface at Cincinnati aul 
all places within fifty miles of it,) in thickness at least 1000 ft. 
2. Clay marl, at West Lae ‘eee co. KE. of nes - i * 
3. Flinty limestone, “ : ; 
Se. Clayparly =m = cet 2 tery: - F s ou a 
5. Cliff limestone,  “ y #5 Sabha: hcl 
- 6. Slate, (black biesniiogs) at Rasksilie, 2 TSR 
‘¥ aeevenen pees: east ling: of Adams county, & 343 2 
pace 8 
1866 ft. 
“ The cane? from Cincinnati to West Union, which stands 
on an escarpment of the cliff limestone one hundred feet above 
the surrounding region, is of a nearly uniform level, the various 
elevated points, as ascertained by actual barometrical measute- 
ment, differing not more than thirty six feet from each other, and 
being usually five hundred feet above low water at Cincinnati.” 
Dip.—* The strata are nearly horizontal, and having a slight 
and irregular undulation, the dip is with difficulty ascertained,” 
causing it to appear “ unites and consistent for half a mile” in 
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