184 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis. 



them. They remain numerous to the end of the month, but after 

 the twentieth the flocks contain a majority of young birds in 

 very plain dress. After the first of November they grow scarce 

 generally, but small parties linger even in the most northern 

 part sometimes into the latter half of the month, exceptionally 

 into December (Keokuk, November 18, 1902; November 19, 

 1893; November 20, 1892 and 1900; December 8, 1896). 



559. Spizella monticola (Gmel.). Tree Sparrow. 



Fringilla canadensis. Emberiza canadensis. Spizella montana. Fringilla 

 arhorea. Canada Tree Sparrow. Winter Chippy. 



Geog. Dist.^-Eastern North America, west to the Plains where 

 replaced by the western subspecies ochracea; breeding in New- 

 foundland, Labrador and the Hudson Bay region. In winter 

 from the northern United States southward to South Carolina, 

 Tennessee, Indian Territory. 



In Missouri a common winter resident arriving irregularly, 

 sometimes in north Missouri as early as the second week of 

 October (October 9, 1892 and 1894, and October 10, 1901, Keo- 

 kuk; October 10, 1894, St. Joseph), in other years not before 

 November. At St. Louis the first are seen between the 4th and 

 14th of November, and are common before the month is over, 

 moving in small flocks in search of weed seeds and coming to 

 the farm yards when the snow is deep. Their departure is influ- 

 enced much by the weather we have in March. Even warm 

 weather in the latter part of February induces them to become 

 excited and musical, deserting some of their winter haunts and 

 flocking to the bottom-land preparatory to departing. In some 

 years they are nearly all gone by March 20th, in others flocks 

 are with us to the middle of April (April 12, 1894, large flocks in 

 Lincoln Co.). The '4asts" vary from March 20 to April 28 

 (1893, Keokuk), but fall mostly into the early part of April. 

 (April 3, 1898, Independence; April 10, 1902, Jasper; April 10, 

 1874, Warrensburg; April 12, 1886, Mt. Carmel). 



*560. Spizella socialis (Wils.). Chipping Sparrow. 



Fringilla socialis. Emberiza socialis. Spizella domestica. Chippy. 



Geog. Dist. — Eastern North America, west to the Great Plains; 

 north to Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario; 

 northwest through wooded districts to Saskatchewan. Breeds 



