14 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis. 
lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus, or P. Pallar), and our com- 
mon garden beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ). 
At first I was quite struck to find garden beans, as it was 
always thought that the garden beans, Phaseolus vulgaris, had 
thei: origin in the Old World. But Alphonse de Candolle 
had remarked in his Plant: geography, that the garden bean 
had no Sanskrit name and that the beans of the East In- 
dies all belonged to other species with much smaller seeds, 
as for instance, Phaseolus Mungo and Ph. radiatus. When 
I received the beans through Messrs. Reiss and Stiibel 
from South America, I had not yet seen the _ beans 
from Los Muertos, Ariz., and of the cliff-dwellers whose 
beans I saw at the Chicago Exposition in 1893. In study- 
ing the old Spanish literature on America, I found that — 
the conquerors often speak of beans. Garcilasso de la Vega* 
says of the Peruvians: ‘‘ They have also three or four kinds 
of Frisoles, like our broad-beans but smaller ’’ (the Spanish 
broad-beans, Vicia. Kaba, are very large). Asa Gray and 
Trumbull in The American Journal of Science, vol. xxv, 1883, 
say that Jacques Cartier when he discovered the St. Lawrence 
found the Indians cultivating corn and beans. Lawson in 
his ‘* Voyage to Carolina,’’ 1700-1708, pp. 76, 77, says that 
the kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris) were found very fre- 
quently in maize-fields before the Englishman came. So I, 
at first timidly later positively, declared that the garden beans 
had their origin in America, which the American studies of 
Indian languages have confirmed. 
The Ancient Greeks and Romans had the word Phaselos 
or Phaseolus for bean, but I have often shown that it could 
not have been our garden bean. Prof. Koernicke of Bonn 
demonstrated that it was another genus, Dolichos sinensis, 
the cow pea. 
I also found very large seeds of pumpkins, Cucurbita 
maxima, and smaller ones, Cucurbita moschata. I proved 
that also the pumpkins came from America and that the 
squashes of the ancients were bottle-gourds, Lagenaria vul- 
* Garcilasso de la Vega, Commentar. reales, etc., 1 ed., p. 208; 2 ed., 
p. 278. 
