Pammel — Anatomical Characters of Seeds of Leguminosae. 117 



off process is similar, although due to the aril. It should be 

 stated, however, that separation from the pod could not be 

 studied on account of its immaturity. 



I have given only a few cases and it should not be assumed 

 that the arillus or funiculus has the same mechanical function 

 and structure in all cases, but both organs differ according to 

 the manner of separation. Some of the general anatomical 

 facts are given by Pfeiffer. The arillus is persistent in the 

 seeds of some Leguminosae, as in Pahudia, P Ithecolohiicm and 

 Copaifera. The soft, two-lobed arillus of Pahudia is eaten 

 by birds. 



Inner Integument and Nucellus. 



In Papilionaceae the inner integument occurs usually as a 

 single row of cells during the earlier stages of development, 

 but is so much compressed in the mature seed that it is diffi- 

 cult to differentiate it from the nucellus. In Caesalpinieae 

 the inner integument of the mature seed, although much com- 

 pressed, may usually be made out more readily. In this sub- 

 order it consists of one to four differentiated layers of cells, 

 as in GymnocladuSf Gleditscliia , Ceratoniay and Cassia. 



The nucellus disappears early in the development of the 

 fertilized ovule although it may be present for some time in 

 the chalazal region. As a compressed layer it occurs in 

 Gymnocladus, Lathyrus, Vicia, and Pisum. The cells of 

 this layer have lost most of their structure and appear as 

 elongated thread-like bodies. The cells are frequently gelatin- 

 ized. 



Endosperm. 



Systematic writers since the time of DeCandolle (50. 51) 

 have generally stated that endosperm is absent. Some modern 

 systematic writers have fallen into the same error. Bentham 

 and Hooker (14) state '' vulgo parcum v. 0, in generibus 

 paucis copiosum subcartilagineum." Of the Papilionaceae 

 these authors say : *< albumen saepius parcum v. 0.*' Caesal- 

 pinieae ** semina varia albumine copioso parco v. 0." Watson 

 and Coulter (283, 122-125) say ** mostly without albumen." 

 The Caesalpinieae «* of ten with albumen. ' ' Britton and Brown 



