Pammel — Anatomical Characters of Seeds of Leguminosae. 125 



pratense and T, repens the reserve cellulose is associated with 

 some starch in the cells of the cotyledons. Miss Cooley (316) 

 found some exceptional cases in Trillium and Paris, but she 

 observes that the reserve cellulose is small in amount. Keiss 

 (433, 740) first called attention to its occurrence in Paris 

 quadrifolia. In Leguminosae, as in other plants, the matters 

 occurring associated with reserve cellulose and mucilaginous 

 endosperm are proteids (aleurone grains and the surrounding 

 plasma) and fat. Not only do the proteids occur in the cyto- 

 plasm of the endosperm but in the embryo as well. Of their 

 occurrence in the latter we shall speak presently. 



Use of Reserve Cellulose and mucilage. — Sachs (437), 

 in his classic paper on the germination of Phoenix daciylifera, 

 showed conclusively that cellulose may be deposited as reserve 

 matter, and that this substance is completely dissolved dur- 

 ing the process of germination. Some years later Frank 

 (335, 175) in his researches on mucilages, especially in Tro- 

 paeolum, indicated the use of reserve cellulose in this 

 plant. Reiss (432. 433), who worked more especially on the 

 chemistry of the reserve celluloses, indicated a similar use in 

 Chamaerops humilis, Asparagus officinalis, Allium Cepa, Iris 

 pseudo-acorus, Foeniculum officinale, and of the amyloid of 

 Impatiens Balsamina, Paeonia officinalis B,nd Cyclamen euro- 

 paeum. Miss Cooley (316) studied some additional species 

 among which the following may be mentioned: Allium 

 ursinum, Lilium Martagon, Lloydia seroiina, Smilacina race- 

 mosa, Belamcanda chinensis. Iris sibirica, Galanthus 

 nivalis, etc. 



Heinricher (371 ) suggested that the mucilage in Impatiens 

 assists in dissemination, and that the hard substance is a pro- 

 tection against birds. This is, however, very improbable. 

 The mucilage in Leguminosae is protected by the hard outer 

 Malpighian cells, and in Impatiens it is likewise protected by 

 the tesa. The Malpighian cells repel water for longer or 

 shorter periods in the Leguminosae, but this varies in different 

 species. Seeds in which this mucilage attains its greatest 

 development have well and strongly developed Malpighian 

 cells. The Reiss explanation is probably correct, namely, that 

 the plant stores away its food in the most condensed form 



