120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Mar., '15 



Classification of Orders of Insects. 

 By C. W. WooDWORTH, University of California, Berkeley, 



Calif. 



One of the most confusing things confronting a beginner in 

 Entomology, and which often remains an enigma to more ex- 

 perienced students, is the great variety in the number and ar- 

 rangement of the Orders to be found in the various text books. 



The accompanying chart, which has been used in my classes 

 with very good results as an aid in the comprehension of this 

 subject, presents seven systems of classification: that of Lin- 

 naeus, those given in five standard American text books and 

 the system adopted by myself in which the groups follow in 

 chronological sequence. The names most frequently used for 

 all but two of the 41 groups which have at some time been 

 raised to the rank of Orders are also given, together with a list 

 of Genera, mostly Linnaean, which may be considered the 

 types of these groups. 



In each column the numerals give the sequence followed 

 by the diflferent authors. The groups not indicated by figures 

 in any column were combined in the preceding numbered or- 

 der by that author and numbers in parenthesis indicate such 

 cases where this arrangement cannot be followed. Thus Lin- 

 naeaus included the Siphonaptera, Thysanoptera and Corro- 

 dentia in his order 7. Aptera. Where other names than those 

 in the first column were used this is indicated in the foot 

 notes. Thus Physopoda was used by Comstock for his order 

 10, which other authors called Thysanoptera. When a group 

 was discovered near or after the date of an author as indi- 

 cated in the last column, it was of course not considered by 

 that author. Thus my classification alone locates the Zorap- 

 tera and Protura. 



An inspection of the table will bring out the following points 

 regarding the classifications of these authors: 



I St. Comstock alone separates the Euplexoptera from the 

 Orthoptera. 



2nd. Folsom alone raises the Collembola to ordinal rank. 



