12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [Jan., ’08 
high pressure power sprayers enabled the use of weaker sprays 
than had heretofore been thought desirable. By these various 
steps the savings mounted; eighty per cent. became ninety per 
cent., and then ninety-five per cent., until two or three years 
ago even ninety-eight per cent. could be counted on. 
This past season in concluding a series of investigations on 
this pest that have been in progress for a number of years, 
the State Experiment Station of Washington eclipsed the 
record. Modern power sprayers, working at two hundred 
pounds pressure, forced a dilute spray into every flower cup. 
As fast as the worms entered the cups they were poisoned. The 
annihilation of the first brood of larvze was almost complete. 
In a seventeen-acre orchard that had 400,000 wormy apples 
in 1906, but 176 worms were taken from the band-straps this 
year, indicating that but four hundred worms escaped the first 
spraying. Even under the best conditions of reproduction the 
second brood in this orchard could not have exceeded eight 
thousand worms or eighty boxes of apples.. But, as two other 
sprayings were given to poison the second brood the calculated 
eighty boxes were reduced to six, one-tenth of one per cent. of 
the crop. 
To give the two sprayings for the second brood cost $100, 
which was more than the increased saving amounted to. In 
other words, a single complete spraying is now considered all 
that need be necessary to suppress the codling moth, no matter 
how wormy the orchard previously was. This sentence must 
* be read carefully, it means much more than simply spraying. 
It means thorough spraying, at a certain date and in a way 
that the fruit grower ten years ago did not dream of. The 
spraying must be given within a few days after blossoming 
time. A coarse spray is forcibly shot from Bordeaux nozzles 
only, drenching the tree through and through. Arsenate of 
lead alone is used one pound to fifty gallons, or in some of 
our tests even as weak as one pound to eighty gallons. The 
idea now is that the poison is better distributed when carried 
by much water thrown with great force than when used as the 
misty concentrated spray prevalent a few years ago. Another 
important point has been brought out, on which the success of 
