150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’o8 
Pitcher-Plant Insects.—III. 
By Frank Morton JoNnEs, Wilmington, Delaware. 
(Plates VII-IX.) 
Papaipema appassionata Harvey. 
Of the insects observed at Summerville, South Carolina, 
making Sarracenia their food-plant, next in abundance to the 
Exyras was a root-borer which proved to be Papaipema ap- 
pasionata Harvey. The burning over of the meadows makes 
the work of this insect in the roots of Sarracenia fava much 
more apparent than in those places where the tangled clumps 
of leaves of the preceding season conceal the ground. On 
these comparatively bare portions of the Sarracenia meadows, 
and especially in the less swampy places, it becomes apparent 
early in April that a very large proportion of the roots of 
Sarracenia flava contain this larva, which bores, first perpen- 
dicularly through the buds, then horizontally, following the 
course of the root-stock and keeping open the passage to the 
surface for the disposal of the frass, which is built up into a 
closed turret-like tube, capping the entrance to the burrow. 
So numerous are these burrows that whole clumps of fava 
with their interlaced root-stocks fail for a time to put up either 
buds or leaves, and many which start to grow are under- 
mined and killed by the operations of the borer. The much 
larger frass-tubes formed in the preceding year by full grown 
larve are also noticeable among the roots, showing that these 
structures are compact and tough enough to last through a 
winter’s exposure to the weather. Their purpose is probably 
to prevent the burrows from being flooded during rains and 
temporary inundations. At first only a fraction of an inch 
in height, these turrets are extended with the growth of the 
larvee to a height of two inches or more, and are often built 
against and partly supported by one of the larger fleshy leaf- 
stems, through which the burrow extends into the root-stock. 
The upper figures on Plate VIII, show the condition of 
the turrets, the extent of feeding, and the position of the lar- 
ve in the root-stocks on April first. Throughout the sum- 
