280 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, [June, ’o8 
spine and these in turn by three or four spines, which de- 
crease in size laterally. The posterior abdominal segment, 
viewed from the ventral side, has a basal portion, from the 
lateral sides of which projects a’single strong spine, and from 
the ventral surface of which project two strong spikes, each 
of which terminates in two sharp spines. Posteriorly the seg- 
ment is much constricted and terminates in two pointed spines 
with a narrow emargination between. Looking at the seg- 
ment from the side, it can be seen that the dorsal half projects 
beyond the ventral portion and terminates in two very strong 
dorsally curved spines. 
On the dorsal surface the segments have but a single row of 
spines. Along the median line of the back the first segment 
bearing spines has two small closely applied ones, the next 
two segments each have three and the next two segments each 
two. Lateral to these closely joined spines on each segment 
there is one strong spine, followed by three or four smaller 
ones. On the dorsal surface of the anterior abdominal and 
the thoracic segments there is usually a single papille bearing 
a fine bristle-like hair. 
The dorsal spines curve slightly forward, while those on the 
ventral surface project backward. These help the pupz in 
working their way up through the decaying vegetable material 
and in maintaining their position when they once get to the sur- 
face where their thoracic breathing tubes can be protruded out 
into the air. 
The breathing tubes are very long and slender, with a short, 
much wrinkled stalk. The trachea can be traced to the very tip 
of the tube. There are two rows of small, circular foramina 
on the dorsal surface of each breathing tube. These foramina 
also surround the tip of the tube and extend some ways down 
the ventral surface in two rows. 
In some cases the segments of the antennz can be distin- 
guished through the semi-transparent sheath. The ocelli can 
be seen through the sheath and are arranged in parallel rows 
extending almost at right angles to the longitudinal direction of 
the body. Some of the venation of the wings and the seg- 
