474 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec. , 08 
pupation might be observed in the laboratory and the duration 
of the pupal period thus determined. 
Over a hundred larvae were soon under observation, but 
separated from their vegetable attachments they showed an evi- 
dent disposition to rise to the surface, there to become sluggish 
and finally die. Single strands of roots or even small bits of 
sod taken from the swamp were ignored by the larvae and 
we ultimately found that if we would bring any to maturing 
we must secure for them conditions as nearly natural as pos- 
sible. Accordingly an entire grass tussock was brought from 
the swamp and, with a new supply of larvae, was placed in a 
large battery jar. Soon the larvae disappeared, all of them hay- 
ing worked their way in among the roots of the tussock. From 
day to day this jar was watched but no pupae were observed 
until on May 20th two dead male adults still attached by their 
feet to the pupal skins were on the water’s surface. The sod 
was now removed from the jar for examination and four living 
and two dead larvae were taken from the vegetable mass; also 
two living and one dead pupa._The two living pupae were 
transferred to clean water and unlike other Culex pupae im- 
mediately sank to the bottom and aside from an occasional flap 
of the anal paddles showed no: signs of life. At the bottom 
they rested with the abdomen curved under the thorax, the 
paddles closely appressed to the “face”? (upon which it stood) 
and were most generally tilted to one side, though occasion- 
ally they assumed an erect position. For three days the pupae 
remained in this death-like attitude and were then placed in al- 
cohol, supposedly dead. 
In general build and appearance the pupa of C. perturbans 
resembles the normal Culex type but a strikingly characteristic 
feature is found in the long, slender air tubes which converge 
apically and finally meet at a common apex. In color it is 
light brownish with the head and thorax, except those portions 
inclosing the metanotum and eyes, soiled whitish. The length 
of the thorax is about 2.5 mm. and including the extended 
abdomen, which is unusually long, about 7 mm. The air 
tubes measure I mm. in length or slightly over, are strongly in- 
