476 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [Dec., ’08 
they separate when immersed in alcohol, and that they can be 
independently moved at the will of the pupa has been demon- 
strated by Mr. Brakeley who has observed them with one tube 
projected through the surface film of the water and with the 
other propelling itself in a rotating movement around the first 
which served as a pivot. 
An interesting fact in connection with the larva was also 
demonstrated by Mr. Brakeley when on July 31st he obtained 
a small lot of young wrigglers apparently in the second stage 
of development together with a full grown larva which clearly 
belonged to last year’s brood. Thus is the record established of 
the continuous prevalence of larvae throughout the entire year. 
This had been previously suspected because of the capture of 
newly emerged adults from May to September. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII. 
Fig. 1. Pupa of Culex perturbans, lateral view. 
Fig. 2. Pupa of Culex perturbans, rear view, showing convergence of 
air tubes. 
Fig. 3. One of the air tubes highly magnified. 
Fig. 4. Swimming paddles of pupa. 
The Life-History of Lycaena antiacis Bdv., 
with other Notes on other Species. 
By Francis X. WILLIAMS, San Francisco, Cal. 
The fact that antiacis has exactly the same habitat as verces, 
and that there are immediate forms making nice stepping 
stones between the two would leave no doubt to my mind that 
they are one and the same species. However, being desirous 
of further satisfying myself on this point, I reared a number 
of larvae which, at different periods in 1908, proved to be all 
antiacis. I am still satisfied however that rerces is dimorphic, 
antiacis being the other form, and that this dimorphism may 
be dependent on weather conditions. A good series of the 
two will show from the under surface of the wings, not only 
intermediate forms, but aberrations as well; whereas viewed 
from the upper surface the two insects are indistinguishable. 
Xerces is easily recognized from the under side of the wings 
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