56 . Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis. 
which on trees 30 to 45 feet tall may number 200 to 300 
to the tree. 
Attention should also be paid to the management of 
catalpa coppice during the first year. It has been cus- 
tomary to leave two or three sprouts to each stool for the 
first year because of the danger from wind. In case of 
hail an immediate inspection of the coppice should be > 
made and if the injury has occurred early in the growing 
season all badly injured growth should be removed. Oc- 
casionally it will be necessary to cut all the sprouts, but in 
most cases from 1 to 3 healthy sprouts will remain. At 
the end of the first growing season, the plantation should — 
again be thinned leaving one sprout to the stool. The rea- 
son for cutting off sprouts badly injured by hail imme- 
diately after the storm is obvious. If such sprouts were 
allowed to remain the growth would be inferior and the 
stool would be weakened. If injury occurs in the middle of 
or late in the growing season it is best to leave one sprout 
to the stool or to leave all remedial work until the end 
of the season because of the danger from winter killing. 
Hail injury naturally reduces the annual wood incre- 
ment and in such a storm as the one which occurred at 
Hutchinson it causes the formation of false annual rings 
in the species worst affected. Natural pruning of the 
branches continues for many years after a hail storm 
has passed; such pruning occurs first on weakened, 
interior branches and branches deeply wounded, but the 
pruning continues and has been noted on branches which 
had been injured 19 years previously. Favorable climatic 
conditions immediately after the storm assist tree growth 
in recuperation while a prolonged drouth would greatly 
increase the damage. 
EXPLANATION OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Text-figure. Hail injury to hardy catalpa, experienced ten years 
before the photographs were made. B showsa false ring. C is fourteen 
inches below an open wound, but still shows heart-rot. Reduced. 
Plates XI-XVII.— Hail injury to twigs of various forest trees. One- 
half natural size. 
Issued March 10, 1910. 
