124 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis. 
afterwards this important discovery was also announced 
in France.” 
The far-reaching significance of Shumard’s results and 
their bearing upon the proper interpretation of the so- 
called Permian section of Kansas, of the uppermost coal 
measures of Missouri, and of the general, or schematic, 
section of American Carbonic rocks, appear, until lately, 
to have been entirely overlooked. Only when the Car- 
bonic section of the Rio Grande region is critically exam- 
ined and paralleled with that of the Mississippi Valley 
province do the real positions of the several parts of 
the latter present themselves. 
The main discussion of a Permian equivalent in Amer- 
ica has always centered around the age of the rock- 
sequence in Kansas. My own survey of the facts chances 
to be singularly critical. After a rather wide acquain- 
tance with the Carbonic rocks of Missouri and eastern 
Kansas, I had the good fortune, in company with Messrs. 
Karpinsky, Pavlow, Tschernychew, Amalitzky, Nikitin, 
Stuckenberg, and other Russian geologists, who had 
given the subject most attention, to examine carefully 
many of the sections of the original Permian rocks of 
eastern Russia. While the Russian and American se- 
quences of the Carbonic rocks were recognized as remark- 
ably alike lithologically I attempted to show? that if any 
parallelism was possible only the uppermost terrane, that 
next to the Cimarronian Red-beds of the Kansas section, 
had any likelihood of proving to be eventually of Permian 
age. Faunally the greater part, at least, of the disputed 
Kansas section must be compared with the Russian 
Artinsk formation, which is, as is well known, very much 
older than any of the original Permian beds. This is 
the section which I had distinguished as the Oklahoman 
series ;* it includes the Chase and Marion formations in 
2 Bull. Geol. Soc. France, II. 15:531-533. 1858. 
> Jour. Geol. 7:332. 1899. 
*Am. Geologist, 18:27. 1896. 
