Keyes—The Guadalupan Series. 125 
that part of the general section lying above the horizon 
of the Cottonwood limestone. 
Later, after a long sojourn in southwestern United 
States, I made the observation® that ‘‘after seeing at 
close range the Red-beds of New Mexico I was convinced 
that the Permian question in America was not to be set- 
tled on the basis of Kansas stratigraphy.’’ 
In tracing the Kansas Red-beds, or Cimarronian series, 
southwestward around the southern end of the Rocky 
mountains into central New Mexico the courses of the 
Canadian river and the Rio Pecos were followed, the val- 
leys of these streams cutting off to the north and west 
the extension of the great plains of the Llano Estacado. 
Upon stratigraphic grounds mainly I thought that I had 
found the Cimarronian part of the Carbonic sequence 
uninterrupted until a point was reached to the southwest- 
ward where it rested directly upon the limestones form- 
ing the backslope of the Guadalupe mountains, the locality 
from which Shumard had received from his brother the 
fossils which he described as true Permian in age. 
On comparing the general terranal sequences of the 
two provinces mentioned we find that there are, in the 
Mississippi section of the Carbonic strata, great thick- 
nesses of rocks which are not represented. Paralleling 
the serial divisions of the two sections: 
Geologic Age. 
Mississippi Province. 
Rio Grande Province. 
Fiurke Cimarronian ............ 1,200 | Cimarronian ............ 1,000 
PU AURIS ooo Guadalupan ............. 3,500 
ORTAROMAT fos 1,500 | Maderan .................... 1,000 
CARBONIC Mid Missourian .............. 2,000 | Manzanan ................ 1,000 
Des Moines .............. 500 | Wanting? .................. 
APRONSAN ooo. 10,000 | Ladronesian ............ 200 
Early | Mississippian .......... 1,200} Socorran ............-..... 500 
In Kansas the so-called Permian beds are included in 
the Oklahoman and Cimarronian series, the latter being 
the Red-Beds section. The relationships of the several 
° Ibid. 32:218. 
1903. 
