SEYFFARTH — ON THE THEORY OF THE MOON'S MOTIONS. 443 



11. Zonaras (An. ix. 14, p. 441, 6 y.^oc O'j^i-a^ i^kh~zv) nar- 

 rates that, during the battle at Zama, near Carthage (35° 30 N. 

 Lat.) a total eclipse of the sun happened. Petavius had reference 

 to the eclipse in _ 201 , Oct. 18, 23h. 30m. ft 2° W. ; which eclipse, 

 however, was very small in Northern Africa, because the curve 

 described by the moon's shadow was 37°, 2°, _ 18°. The longi- 

 tude of the ft being rather 6° 30' W. of the sun (p. 430). the 

 obscuration of the latter must have been total, or nearly total, 

 near Carthage. Moreover, Zonaras erroneously referred the same 

 eclipse to the battle at Zama, for Livy puts^ the latter in _ 200, 

 coss. Cl. Nero and Serv Pulex. To the same consuls Livy (xxx. 

 2) refers a phenomenon described as follows — '"arcus solem tenui 

 linea amplexus est, circulum deinde ipsum major solis orbis ex- 

 trinsicus inclusit"; which words Petavius took for a description of 

 an annular eclipse of the sun observed in _202, May 6, ih. 45m. 

 p.m., U 7° E. ; magnitude of the obscuration of the sun 7 inches 

 on the northern part of the sun's disc. This eclipse, however, 

 contradicts the series of the consuls, and the description rather 

 points us, as Struyk in Ruperti's Maazin (i. p. 353) maintained, 

 to a ring, or iris, encompassing the sun's disc. 



12. Livy (xxx. 38) and Obsequens (c. 45) report that u.c. 551, 

 coss. Cl. Nero and Serv. Pulex, a small eclipse of the sun was 

 noticed at Cumae, near Rome (Cumis solis orbis minui visus). 

 The year u.c. 551, extending from the Parilia in _200 to the same 

 in _ 199, and the consuls reigning since the Idus Martize, the said 

 eclipse was that in _ 199, March 3, 22h., U 13° E. This eclipse, 

 however, was hardly visible at Cumae, because the shadow of the 

 moon touched only 12°, 32°, 67°; but, according to our Table (p. 

 429-30) the longitude of the U was shorter by 4° 31'. 



IS vfe IJf. Julius Obsequens (c 48) refers another small eclipse 

 (solis orbis minui visus) to u.c. 555, and to the consuls Flaminius 

 and Paitus. who ruled since the Idus Martian in _ 196. The only 

 eclipse of this }ear on July 25th, 2ih. 45m., ft 1 1° W., was invisi- 

 ble in Italy. The eclipse in _ 197, Aug. 6, r5h. 30m., happened, 

 according to Calvisius, one hour prior to sunrise, but, according to 

 our Table (p. 430), two hours after sunrise. The ft lay 3° W., and 

 the curve described by the central shadow of the moon was 34°, 

 34°, -5°j but. according to our Table (p. 430), the ft lay 7° 30' 

 west, and hence this eclipse was indeed a small one in Rome. 



