SEYFFARTH — ON THE THEORY OF THE MOOn'S MOTIONS. 445 



the moon (serena nocte subito candens et plena luna defecit) was 

 seen near ApoUonia (20° 10' E.) during the year preceding the 

 consulate of ^^m. Paullus and Caepio, which office coYnmenced 

 in — 166, Idus Mart., consequently in — 167. Plutarch (^^m. 

 Paul. c. 17) confirms the statement that this eclipse was a total 

 one {ij atXrj^rj i/usXaci^sro xac rou <pa)Tb(; dzoXt-6\JZO^ ahyr^v yjioa^ 

 kjiti^'aaa -ai^rodoTza^ i^i^aviadr^. This is the eclipse in — 167, 

 June2ist, 7h.45m., 15 3°E., which, as Cicero says, Gallus, "anno 

 fere antequam Consul est declaratus, haud dubitavit postridie 

 palam in castris docere, nullum esse prodigium." Gallus being 

 consul in — 164-5, he was designatus in — 166, and, since that 

 eclipse happened one year prior to Gallus's designation, the for- 

 mer indeed belonged to June in — 167. This eclipse has errone- 

 ously been confounded by Petavius with the following. 



18. Livy (xliv. 37) says : ''Gallus pronunciavit, nocte proxima 

 — ab hora secunda ad quartam horam noctis lunam defecturam 

 esse. — Nocte, quam pridie Nonas Septembres insecuta est dies, 

 edita hora luna cum defecisset." Pliny (H. N. ii. 12) writes: 

 "Gallus — turn Tribunus militum — pridie quam Persus superatus 

 a Paulo est, in concionem ab imperatore productus — ad predican- 

 dam eclipsin." The same we read in Qiiinctil. Ins. or. i. 10, 47 ; 

 Frontin. Stra. i. 12, S; Justin. H xxxiii. i. ; Plutarch ^m. c. 

 17. Since the battle near Pydna (20° 10' E.) belongs to the con- 

 sulate of .^m. Paullus and Lie. Crassus ( — 166), and to the first 

 days of the lunar September of the Romans, the partial eclipse 

 was that in — 166, Jim. 10, 1311. 30m., U 5° W. The obscuration of 

 the moon amounted, according to the present theory of the moon, 

 to 1 1 J inches, which disagrees with Livy, who reports that this 

 eclipse lasted only two hours. Total eclipses of the moon lasting 

 three hours, and never only two, it is apparent that the longitude 

 of the U must have been shorter, namely, by about 4° 24', as our 

 Table (p. 429-30) shows. Moreover, nox, in its specific sense, 

 designated the time from midnight to morning, whilst i/^-jr/^r lasted 

 from sunset to midnight. Hence ma)ie comprised the hours from 

 sunrise to noon ; dies specifically extended, as we have seen, from 

 noon to sunset ; accordingly vespera was the time from sunset to 

 midnight ; wherefore Venus, being visible after sunset, was called 

 Vesper. Hesperus. Now, Livy narrates that the middle of our 

 eclipse was 3 o'clock a.m. local time, whilst the usual Tables 



