THE NAUTILUS. 



31 



Mr. Hempliill's conclusions, as shown in tlie study collection re- 

 ceived from him, would be, in the grouping of the west coast Thais, 

 as follows : Purpura lapillus L.; var. ostrina Gld., P. var. emaryinata 

 Desh., P. var. saxicola Val., P. var. lima Mart., P. var. septen- 

 trienalis Rve., and P. var. crispata Rve. Variations, globose, 

 banded, etc., and color- variations very naturally are grouped under 

 each named variety, and present a series of variations typical of the 

 painstaking that has always been accorded this veteran conchologist 

 of the Californian coast. 



FURTHER NOTES ON ASIATIC VIVIPARAS IN CALIFORNIA. 



BY HAROLD HANNIBAL. 



In The Nautilus, V, 1892, p. 114 and VI, 1892, p. 51, W. M. 

 Wood reported Paludina japonica from the Chinese marlvets of San 

 Francisco. The writer has had an opportunity to examine some of 

 these specimens in the collection of W. S. Raymond, and they prove 

 to be Vivipams malleatus Rve., having been compared with malleatus 

 received under that name from Frederick Stearns at a time when 

 the Japanese Viviparas were was less known than at present. 

 Stearns (Nautilus, XV, 1901, p. 91) reported V. stelmaphora 

 (= malleatus) sent by Mrs. A. E. Bush, a shell enthusiast now 

 dead, " from seven or eight miles from San Jose " (probably in the 

 Artesian Belt), and " a little valley at the foot of Mount Hamilton." 

 The latter locality is probably erroneous ; it has not been verified, 

 and the specimens seem to have passed through several hands. In 

 1908, the writer (Nautilus, XXII, p. 33) noted V. lecythoides 

 from the Artesian Belt between San Jose and San Francisco Bay. 

 Comparison with specimens from Nagasaki, Japan, proves this also 

 to be malleatus, and it is figured under that name in the 1910 edition 

 of West American Shells, PI. iii, fig. 8. 



It is abundant at a number of points in the Artesian Beit since 

 this was at one time an extensive berry district where celestials wer*^ 

 employed. The species was brought from Yokohama and originally 

 planted between Alameda and Centerville to supply tiie markets 

 about San Francisco Bay where they bring 20 cents a dozen accord- 

 ing to Wong, a Chinese merchant, whence colonirs liave been dis- 



