138 THE NAUTILUS. 



of alhofasciata should be elimi:iated from the Colorado list. Not 

 having seen Utah specimens of Hemphill's sub-species, I cannot say 

 whether it is valid. 



Oreohelix cooperi (W. G. B.) 

 I have seen no live ones east of the Front Range, and but few 

 dead or fossil ones, but it is exceedingly abundant on the outcrops 

 of lower Mancos (or Niobrara and Benton) cretaceous limestones 

 and calcareous shales, nearly everywhere I have been west of the 

 Front Range, as well as on the Mesa Verde sandstone slopes at 

 Rio Blanco and at Axial, probably where thin limestone bands in 

 the sandstone furnished lime for the soil. Also found it more spar- 

 ingly up White River to Trapper's Lake, 10,000, feet. Abund- 

 ant dead but fresh shells have been found on the Laramie, North 

 Park, near Gleneyrie (Wm. Fleming). Probably a search would 

 have revealed a strong living colony. A flourishing colony of large 

 live ones occurs at Montrose (Bethel) and a few dead ones came 

 from Wolcott. There are many fine colonies on the Benton and 

 Niobrara formations in the valley of Muddy Creek, north of 

 Kremmling, Middle Park. One of the best is about 25 miles north 

 of Kremmling, on a dry, unmixed sage brush terrace, with no pro- 

 tection except the scattered and dwarfed sage a foot or two high, yet 

 the shells are about of normal size. On a south-facing, brush-cov- 

 ered slope of calcareous shales, on the north side of the creek where 

 the wagon road from Kremmling to Steamboat Springs crosses the 

 southwest corner of North Park, oh a moist morning last July I collected 

 511 active specimens in a short time on a distance of 72 feet along 

 the trail, without including the numerous young ones and only tak- 

 ing those easily seen without searching. Atone point there were 19 

 crawling about within a radius of five inches. Altitude 8,860 feet. 

 In adjacent bottomlands, where a black loam was covered by scrub 

 willows, there were no snails. Ten were found in an aspen grove 

 half a mile away, including one albino. At Rio Blanco a thriving 

 colony was found under aspens, and at Newcastle a fine lot were ob- 

 tained from beneath narrow-leaved cottonwoods. At Steamboat 

 Springs, in addition to the mixed strigosa-cooperi colony, I found a 

 pure cooperi colony, yielding abundant very robust specimens, on the 

 west side of the river above the town. The center of abundance was 

 in a narrow-leaved cottonwood grove on a steep, east-facing slope, 



