FOOD OP THE SHORE FISHES OF CERTAIN WISCONSIN LAKES. 259 



The small pickerel apparently eats a few insects and molluscs; the adults live nearly altogether on 

 fish. Other observers have found the food to be as follows: Forbes and Richardson (1908) — ^fishes and 

 frogs, crayfishes, larger insects, and occasionally even mice, reptiles, and yoimg ducks; Hankinson 

 (igo8)— perch, darters; Reighard (1915) — perch and fish remains. 



Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque, var. lineolatum Jordan and Evermann. Fan-tailed darter. 



Data for 1^14. — Station 11; September 4; number examined, 2. Lengths: 29.6, 31.3. Food: 

 Chironomid larvae, 75; adult midge, 0.5; Hyalella, 24.5; Camptocercus, -f-. 



Station 19; December 3; number examined, i. Length: 38.7. Food: Chironomus lobiferus 

 larvse, 35; C. viridis larvae, 40; Hyalella, 25. 



Station 23; July 12, 1915; number examined, i. Length: 48.3. Food: Hyalella, 80; oligochaetes, 

 13; plant remains, 5. 



Station 14; August 31; number examined, i. Length: 38.7. Food; Agraylea multipunctata 

 larvae, 13; Hyalella, 86; chydorid, i. 



Grand summary for igi4 and IQIS- — Number examined, 5. Length: Maximum, 48.3; minimum, 

 29.6; average, 37.3. Food: Chironomid larvae, 42; caddis-fly larvae, 4.8; adult midge, 0.2; Hyalella, 

 48; cladocerans, 0.2; oligochaetes, 3; plant remains, i. 



The fan-tailed darter lives mostly on chironomid larvae and amphipods. Forbes and Richardson 

 (1908) examined six fish and found two-thirds chironomid larvse, one-fourth May-fly nymphs, and the 

 remainder copepods. 



Etheostoma iowte Jordan and Meek. Iowa darter. 



Station 23; July 9, 1915; number examined, 4. Length: Maximum, 55; minimum, 45.5; average, 



48.5. Food: Unidentified chironomid larvae, 12.5; Chironomus fulviventris larvae, 11.2; C. tentans 

 larvae, 2.5; Berosus larvae, 9; Gyrinus larvae, 11.2; Hyalella, 47.5; Physa heterostropha, 3.7; oligo- 

 chaetes, 2; fine d6bris, 0.5. 



Station 23; August 31; number examined, i. Length: 45. Food: Hyalella, 100. 

 Grand summary . — Number examined, 5. Average length, 47.8. Food: Chironomid larvae, 2i' 

 beetle larvae, 16; amphipods, 58; snails, 3; oligoch^tes, 1.6; fine dftris, 0.4. 



This beautiful little darter subsists nearly altogether on amphipods and insect larvae. 



Eucalia inconstans (Kirtland). Brook stickleback. 



Datafor IQ14 (Pearse, 1915). — Number examined, 50. Length: Maximum, 48.5; minimum, 22; 

 average, 31.7. Food: Dipterous larvx, 13.2; May-fly nymphs, 1.4; Corixa nymphs, -f; caddis-fly 

 larvae, 1.3', unidentified adult insects, 2.2; midges, 13.6; podurans, 0.7; mites, 0.5; Hyalella, 0.2; os- 

 tracods, 3.6; copepods, 28.5; cladocerans, 14.9; snails, 6.3; Sphaeridae, o.i; oligochaetes, 0.3; nematodes, 

 + ; rotifers, -f; DilHugia, -f ; plants, 5.4; algae, 1.7; fine debris, 4.6. 



Station2i; April28, 1915; numberexamined, 10. Length: Maximum, 51; minimum , 30. i ; average, 



40.6. Food: Chironomid larvae, 2.5; Pelopia flavifrons larvae, 1.5; Chironomus fulviventris larvae, 2; 

 C. flavus larvae, 3; C. lobiferus larvae, 0.6; C. modestus larvae, 0.2; C. digitatus larvae, 0.2; Tanytarsus 

 dissimilis larvae, 0.2; Orthocladius sp. larvae, 0.7; Cricotopus exilis larvae, 0.4; Cricotopus trifasciatus 

 pupae, 0.2; Chironomid adults, 3.8; Hyalella, 11. 5; Dikerogammarus fasciatus, 13.2; young amphipods, 

 5.5; ostracods, 5; Cyclops, 12; Canthocamptus, i; oligochaetes, 7.3; rotifers, 4.3; diatoms, -f; algae, 0.3; 

 filamentous algae, 0.2; gelatinous algae, 0.5; plant remains, 8.5; silt and fine debris, 16.6. 



Summary. — Food: Chironomid larvae, ri.3; chironomid pupae, 0.2; adult midges, 3.8; amphipods, 

 32.2; ostracods, 3; copepods, 13; oligochaetes, 7.3; rotifers, 4.3; algae, 1.2; plants, 8.3; silt and d<5bris, 

 16.6. 



Station 20; April 28; numberexamined, 10. Length: Maximum, 44; minimum, 31; average, 40.6. 

 Food: Fish eggs and embryos, 2.3; Pelopia flavifrons larvae, 0.3; chironomid larvae, 0.9; C. flavus larvae, 

 0.7; C. lobiferus larva, 0.7; C. dorsalis larvae, 0.2; C. tentans larvae, 0.6; C. viridicollis larvae, 0.2- 

 Tanytarsus exiguus larvae, 3.4; Orthocladius nivoriundus larvae, 0.9; adult midge, 0.3; insect, 1.3; 

 Asellus communis, 14; Dikerogammarus fasciatus, 3; ostracods, 3.7; Cyclops, 16.8; Canthocamptus, 7.3; 

 Chydorus sphaericus, 32.2; Physa, 7.3; Physa eggs, i; oligochaetes, i; filamentous algae, o.i; silt and 

 debris, 0.6. 



Summary. — Food: Chironomid larvae, 10.4; adult insects, 2; amphipods, 17; ostracods, 3.7; cope- 

 pods, 21. i; cladocerans, 32.2; snails, 8.5; oligochstes, i; algae, 0.1 silt and debris, 0.6. 



