RANGELEY LAKES, MAINE: FISHES, ANGLING, AND FISH CULTURE. 499 



direction of the lake is north and south. From the extreme southern portion to the 

 most northern end is about 7f miles, and from the same southern point (Lakeside) to 

 the entrance of Sunday Cove at the northeastern end is about 9 miles. Its irregularity 

 of shape prevents exact determination of the greatest width, but approximately it is 

 about 2 miles and the average from one-half to i mile. The distance from Errol Dam 

 to Sunday Cove Landing, via boat route, including the crooked channel, is about 8f 

 miles. 



At its northern end is a large area that may be designated as a bay, its right to 

 this name being bestowed by a broad cape that projects from the eastern shore in a 

 northeasterly direction into the lake and Moose Point, on the opposite northwest shore 

 about one-half a mile distant. The distance across this cape at its northwestern end 

 is approximately 4,000 feet. The northern comer is called Brandy Point and the 

 southwestern corner Pine Point. Opposite and slightly northward is the entrance to 

 the Androscoggin River. The distance to this river directly across from Pine Point is 

 about three-fourths of a mile; from Brandy Point to the shore directly north is nearly 

 2 miles. 



The area of Umbagog is 15.8 square miles, second in size to Mooselucmaguntic 

 and a little larger than the combined Richardson Lakes. Its total capacity of 

 3,476,715,000 cubic feet is greater than Oquossoc but considerably less than the Rich- 

 ardsons. This is due to its shallowness, it being the shoalest of all the lakes. 



The lake carries a general depth of 10 to 17 feet. The deepest places are two so- 

 called deep holes, one situated off Sunday Cove the other not far distant from the mouth 

 of Rapid River. In the first place, the Maine Water Storage Commission reports 46 

 feet, in the latter 43 feet. In 1905, during a stage of retained waters, the Bureau of 

 Fisheries' party got about 50 feet in each place. The larger coves quite generally have 

 water from 6 to 8 or 9 feet deep, sometimes close to shore, except in the smaller adjunct 

 indentations. 



The contours of the lake in general follow fairly close to the shores, except in the 

 northern half, where considerable flat land occurs. This is especially true along the 

 outlet and in the lower part of the Magalloway, where extensive meadows appear that 

 are flooded at high water. A similar condition exists at the mouth of Cambridge River, to 

 be described later. These places at certain stages of water form large lagoons, locally 

 known as "logans," which harbor a great deal of aquatic life and afford rich feeding 

 places for the various fishes to which the shallow warm water is not uncongenial. 



The bottom of the lake is composed mostly of rather soft mud, and the coves, 

 especially the shallow ones, produce a profuse growth of vegetation. 



There are but few islands, most of which are in the lower or southern portion of 

 the lake. Southwestward of Tylers Point is Metallak Island, shown on recent maps 

 as Buttons Island, a summer cottage of a Mr. Harry Button being located there. His 

 residence occupies about one-half of the island, which has a sea wall surrounding it. 

 It is said that during high water in the spring the island is flooded, the water at times 

 reaching nearly to the foundation of the house. South and west of this island are 

 several small ones, and one large one, known as Big Island, situated off the mouth of 

 Thurstons Cove. Big Island is irregularly quadrangular in shape, its long axis of 

 about four-fifths of a mile lying east and west. Its greatest width, about three-fourths 

 of a mile, is at the western end; it is constricted a little east of the middle to three-eighths 



