Vol. XXvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 229 



following spring and by the middle of May, in some instances, 

 the work of the young larvae may be observed. A wilted or 

 yellowing leaf or stunted growth often tells the tale and almost 

 invariably the presence of frass at or near the opening by 

 which the larvae entered, indicates its whereabouts. Often a 

 leaf will wither from some other cause in which case the ab- 

 sence of frass renders further search needless. Where no in- 

 dication but the presence of frass is mentioned, it will be 

 found that affected plants are usually stunted or shorter than 

 those unaffected. 



The larvae are readily recognized by their characteristic 

 markings up to the penultimate stage. They are usually of a 

 brownish color with five longitudinal pale stripes. These 

 stripes are in some species continuous throughout, in others 

 with only the dorsal stripe continuous and in a third group 

 with all stripes interrupted at the first four abdominal seg- 

 ments by a dark-purplish brown band which encircles the body 

 and is a character appearing more or less strongly on all the 

 larvae during the earlier stages. 



Pupation sometimes takes place in the burrow but more 

 often in the ground and the pupal period lasts from four to 

 five weeks. 



It may be assumed that a species is found or is likely to be 

 found wherever its food plant occurs. Where the life history 

 is unknown, I have shown as habitat, the places where cap- 

 tures have been reported. 



The species are here listed alphabetically and no attempt is 

 made to indicate synonymy, the latest authentic name only be- 

 ing given. 



anargyrea Dyar. — Life history unknown. Habitat, Colorado. 



angelica Smith. — In "stem" and "root" ot Psoralen macrostarcha. 

 Habitat, California. 



appassionata Harvey. — In root of Pitcher Plant {Sarracenia pur- 

 purea). Pupates in ground August ist to loth. Evidence, 

 orange-colored frass. This larva usually changes to a new plant 

 early in July. 



arctivorens Hampson. — In stem and root of Burdock {Arctium 

 lappa) ; also in thistles (Cirsium hillii, lanceolatum & arvense). Pu- 

 pates in ground about August loth. Evidence, frass. 



