l68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 'll 



the male becomes decidedly more elongate, resembling more 

 nearly a partly grown soft brown scale. Its length is 1.5 mm. 

 and width .64. It is of a light brown color with the eyes visi- 

 ble in the latter part of the stage as small dark areas on the 

 front margin. The anal plates together form a triangle with 

 rounded corners, and from the tip of each of these there arises 

 three or four small spines, and one large one on the central 

 dorsal surface. 



The length of time spent in this stage is about four weeks. 

 During this time it is feeding and grows to about five times 

 the length of the just-hatched larva. At the end of the stage 

 a puparium is formed which completely covers the insect, al- 

 though it is transparent and not so readily discernible. 



The Male Puparium. This puparium is a glassy like covering that is 

 formed from the secretion of numerous pores over the body surface 

 of the insect. Its length is 1.5 mm. and width .5 mm. The surface is 

 slightly roughened with a row of granular projections along the dorsal 

 line. Two lines beginning at the anterior end converge upward for a 

 short distance and then run more nearly parallel, with but a slight con- 

 vergence toward the posterior end. Within this the surface is more 

 convex, forming a ridge along the dorsal line. Not quite J4 of the 

 distance from the anterior end and at a point where the lines begin to 

 run parallel, is a cross line or carina. Another lateral carina crosses 

 this dorsal strip, or coronet, at ^ the distance from the posterior end. 

 Immediately posterior to this cross line are two spiracular channels 

 extending to either margin. The other two spiracular channels, ex- 

 tending from the coronet to either side, are just before the middle line. 

 There is a triangular opening for the anal plates and a cleft from this 

 to the posterior end. Along the margin is a series of circular areas 

 from which secretions extend to the surface of the leaf thus holding 

 the puparium in place. When a puparium was removed 3 or 4 weeks 

 after the male had emerged, these connecting threads were still capable 

 of being stretched considerably as was observed upon lifting the pu- 

 parium. 



These are found usually on the under side of the leaves of 

 the orange, pepper, olive and oleander, chiefly, since these con- 

 stitute the principal foot plants of the scale. When the in- 

 sect is still beneath it can be detected through this transparent 

 covering. If it has not yet transformed to the propupa it oc- 

 cupies the entire space beneath extending well out to the mar- 



