Vol. Xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 169 



g-ins, but in the case of the later stages the insect beneath is 

 somewhat narrower. These puparia may remain on the leaves 

 for months after the scale has emerged. 



The second stage male is capable of moving up to the time 

 the puparium is secreted, which is the preliminary step in the 

 change to the propupa. Rut it is only rarely that any move- 

 ment occurs in this stage and hence the males are nearly al- 

 ways found on the leaves where the young first settle. 



The Propupa. Length 1.4 mm., greatest width .4 mm. Color light 

 brown with red pigment scattered about particularly at posterior end ; 

 head reddish ; ej'es dark red or brown. Sheath of style short and blunt . 

 on either side of the style are two more slender and pointed appendages, 

 the cerci extending beyond the style. At the tip are a few short hairs 

 or spines. The sheaths of the antennae and legs are scarcely visible on 

 the dorsal surface, excepting a broadening, where these lie on the ven- 

 tral margin. On the ventral side these are plainly visible and lie in 

 close contact with the body. 



The length of the propupal period is from 5 to 8 days during the 

 warmer weather. 



The Pupa. Length 1.2 mm., width .4 mm., general color, same as that 

 of propupa excepting that there is a larger amount of pigment at the 

 anterior end. The head is entirely red. A marked constriction forms 

 the neck, making the head appear as arrow-shaped. Eyes black. The 

 wing pads are conspicuous and extend to 3rd abdominal segment. The 

 style has increased in length so that it is slightly longer than the cerci 

 on either side. The antennae, legs and wing pads, while naturally ly- 

 ing close to the body, are distinct and readily separated from it. 



Eight to twelve days are spent in the true pupal stage when 

 it changes to the adult. In all the moults after the second 

 stage the skin is split at the anterior end and pushed back be- 

 yond the puparium. 



The Adult il/a/f.— The fully developed male remains from 

 one to three days beneath the puparium before emerging. The 

 adult stage can be determined without the removal of the pu- 

 parium by the appearance of the long white caudal filaments 

 which project out beyond the tip of the puparium. The life 

 of the adult male is from one to four days. The following 

 description of the male is copied from the notes of Prof. R. 

 W. Doane, who worked with the writer during the summer of 

 1910. 



