Vol. Xxiv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 29I 



1873, reprinted 1874. 1883. 1890, 1895), quoted in the German 

 text-books on anatomy and embryology of invertebrates, sum- 

 med up those parts of his previous researches which were of 

 a more general character, having reference to the nature of 

 metamorphoses and to the origin of insects. It was published 

 first in Nature and later, with some additions, in book form. 

 It was one of the earliest applications in English of the the- 

 ories of evolution and of natural selection to the main char- 

 acteristics of insect life and development. 



Lubbock tells us in his Monograph of the CoUemboIa and 

 Thysanura (London, Ray Society, 1873) that in 1863 he pub- 

 lished his 



first memoir on the Collembola, which was followed by a second 

 in the year following, a third in 1867. and a fourth in 1869. In these 

 memoirs I have recorded about sixty species and have given some ac- 

 count of their habits and anatomy. As regards the latter. I differed 

 in many important points from Nicolet, to whom we were indebted for 

 the first account of their internal organization. For instance, as re- 

 gards the digestive organs, I found myself compelled to question the 

 presence of ^lalpighian vessels. Again, with the exception of Smyn- 

 thurus, I found to my surprise that the Collembola had no tracheae, 

 while Nicolet figured a complete system of them in Podura. and ap- 

 parently considered that a similar arrangement prevailed throughout 



the group (p. 29) We must, indeed, in my opinion, separate 



them [Thysanura and Collembola] entirely from one another; and I 

 have proposed for the group comprised in the old genus Podura the 

 term CollEmbol.\, as indicating the existence of a projection or mam- 

 milla enabling the creature to attach or glue itself to the body on which 



it stands (p. 36) So far as I am aware, no naturalist had 



given any account of the muscular system of the Collembola before the 

 publication of my papers in the Linnean Transactions. With patience 

 and spirits of wine, however, I have been able to make out the princi- 

 pal muscles pretty clearly (pp. 89, 90). 



Two papers, On the Dez'elopment of Chloeon (1863. 1865). 

 made known the long larval life of twenty stages of this 

 May-fly. The Lepidoptera are represented by On the Ar- 

 rangement of the Cutaneous Muscles of Pygaera hncephala, 

 1858. and On the Colors of Caterpillars, 1878; the Hemiptera 

 by On Coccus Hesperidtim, 1858; the Diptera by On the De- 

 velopment of Lonchoptera, 1862. 



