iyi2 BIRDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 57 



commonly in winter throughout the oak regions of southern Cahfornia and 

 occasionally on the mountains among the firs. Noted in the vicinity of Pasa- 

 dena by V. S. Daggett as early as September 30 (1896). and by J. Grinnell 

 as late as May 4 (1895) (Pub. 2, Pasadena Acad. Sci., 1898, 26). Accord- 

 ing- to H. E. Wilder, a common, though irregular visitant to the San Bernar- 

 dino Mountains. Observed on one occasion through the entire summer in 

 the San Bernardino Valley, lu^und common at Witch Creek, San Diego County, 

 by H. W. Marsden, during the fall and winter of 1906 (Condor ix. 1907, 

 27). Seen by F. E. Blaisdell at Temecula, San Diego County. November 14, 

 1883, and found alnmdant in the A^olcan Mountains, during September and 

 October, 1884 ( Belding, Land T.ds. Pac. Dist., 1890, 70). Recorded by J. 

 G. Cooper as not uncommon in the Cuyamaca Mountains in the spring of 

 1862 (Am. Nat. vin. 1874. 16). 



193. (412a) Colaptes auratus luteus Bangs. Northern Flicker. 

 Occasional straggler in winter. Recorded as follows : One specimen taken 



by J. G. Cooper at Saticoy, \'entura County, November 21, 1872 (Proc. Cal. 

 Acad. Sci. vi, 1875, 200). Female by H. S. Swarth near Los Angeles. Feb- 

 ruary 20, 1901 (Condor iii, 1901. 66). Male by E. C. Thurber at Alhambra, 

 Los Angeles County, February 7, 1890 (Grinnell, Pub. 2, Pasadena Acad. 

 Sci., 18<:'8, 26), and female by A. Williamson in the same locality, November 

 4, 1904 (Richardson, Condor vii. 1905, 53). Female by F. Ball near San 

 Bernardino in January. 1885 (Auk n. 1885. 383). 



194. (413) Colaptes cafer collaris Vigors. Red-.shaftf:d P'licker. 

 Common resident of wooded localities from the coast to about 9000 feet 



in the mountains. Also occurs on most of the islands of the Santa Barbara 

 group. More widely distributed in winter. In .some sections where trees are 

 scarce, it nests in holes in banks. Eggs are generally deposited during late 

 April and the month of May. C. E. Groesbeck found a nest containing five 

 fresh eggs in the San Fernando \'alley, Los Angeles County, April 16, 1896. 

 and H. A. Gaylord took four slightly incubated eggs near Pasadena, June 

 15. 1894 (Grinnell, Pub. 2, Pa.sadena Acad. Sci., 1898, 26). F. S. Daggett 

 has two hybrids between this species and the la.st, and several other hybrid 

 flickers have been taken in southern California. 



195. (418b) Phalaenoptilus nuttalli californicus Ridgway. Du.skv 



i'oOR-\\-IEI.. 



Fairly comiuon in s|)ring, summer and fall, from the foothills up to over 

 8000 feet in the moimtains. .Also occurs on .some of the Santa Barbara Islands. 

 Much less plentiful in winter. Breeds mostly in April and May, but eggs may 

 be found from March until late June. B. W. Evermann recorded this species 

 as a summer resident of A'entura County, though not common (Auk in, 1886. 

 179). It was noted by J. Grinnell up to over 8000 feet on Mt. Pinos. Ven- 

 tura County (Auk xxii. 1905, 383). H. J. Lelande took a male on Anacapa 

 Island. April 6, 1906: C. H. Richard.son. Jr.. found it fairly plentiful on Cata- 

 lina Island in April (Condor x. 1908. 66). and J. Grinnell took a female on 

 San Clemcntc Island. March 31, 1897 (Pub. 1. Pasadena Acad. Sci., 1897. 14). 



