106 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society. 



thumberland coast, and seen on Fame Islands. In 1866, 

 several obtained on the Yorkshire coast. In 1868, Mr J. H. 

 Gurney, jun., obtained eight, also from the Yorkshire coast. 

 Before 1870, most had occurred in October and November. 

 In Scotland, of very rare occurrence. Localities — East Lothian, 

 Wigtownshire, and Sutherlandshire since added. Formerly 

 bred in Gottland, now extinct there ; occasional in Denmark ; 

 and has occurred in Heligoland. Eastern in its range as far 

 as Europe is concerned ; only occasionally occurring on the 

 Baltic and at the mouths of rivers in Germany during 

 migration. Also included in a list of Livonian birds. Occa- 

 sionally visits the Swiss lakes. Of rare occurrence in Hol- 

 land, but small flocks at intervals observed on the coasts. A 

 few pairs have been known to breed on the " Hook of Hol- 

 land." Very uncertain in Flanders; a few killed at the 

 mouth of the Scheldt and in the south of France. Not 

 recorded from Spain. Common on the south coast of Sicily, 

 and appears in spring on the Tiber. Common in the Bay of 

 Catania. Some years plentiful in Malta. Accidentally in 

 Algeria. Common in winter in the Ionian Islands. Nume- 

 rous in Greece and Macedonia in spring. Breeds in Ladoga 

 and Onega Lakes in Eussia, and in the salt lakes of the south 

 of Eussia; and eastward to the Lena (Meddendorff). It was 

 searched for in vain by WoUey in Oland in 1856. Said to 

 have bred as far north as Archangel (Meves). Occurs in 

 Transylvania in late spring. 



From the above notes it would appear that the North Uist 

 specimen is the farthest westerly record in Europe of the 

 species. The Sutherland specimen is the most northerly in 

 Britain, and the Wigtownshire one the most southerly in 

 Scotland, the East Lothian and Berwickshire specimens being 

 nearest to the northern verge of the migration of many con- 

 tinental species, which appears to be from Heligoland towards 

 the entrance of the Firth of Forth or reaching as far north as 

 Bell Eock and the Firth of Tay. Another route of migration 

 is through the Pentland Firth, and while the Wigtownshire 

 bird probably came vid Heligoland and Firths of Forth and 

 Clyde, this North Uist bird almost as certainly came vid the 

 Pentland Firth, and landed on the first likely-looking feeding 



