Geology of the Harz Mountains. 215 



series of limestones, with beds of tuff and ironstone. The 

 characteristic fossil is Stringocephalus Burtini. It is here 

 associated with Calceola sandalina, but on the Upper Harz 

 the Stringocephalus is only found in a thin bed between the 

 diabase sheets extending from Altenau to Osterode. 



(3.) The normal Upper Devonian series of the Upper Harz 

 is represented by the so-called Intumescens beds, or Kramen- 

 zelkalk, over which lie the Cypridina shales. These beds 

 are best developed round the edges of the Goslar shale 

 area south of Goslar. The Kramenzelkalk is a compact grey 

 argillaceous limestone, with thin shale beds and few fossils. 

 The most important is Goniatites intumescens; other forms 

 are G. bicanalicidatus, G. retrorsus, Cardiola retrostriata, Area 

 Clymeniae, and Fhacops laevis. 



The Cypridina shales are developed principally between 

 Langelsheim and Lautenthal. They are greenish, yellowish, 

 or red in colour, and have occasional limestone nodules. 

 The shales are often spotted with the little shells of Cypridina 

 serrato-striata, from which they are named. A few other 

 forms occur, including Posidonomya venusta, P. striata-sulcata, 

 and Fhacops cryptophthalmus. 



The Upper Devonian of the Elbingerode basin con- 

 sists of limestones and calcareous beds, with Bhynchonella 

 cuhoides, Terebratula elongata, and Spirifer disjunctus (Ver- 

 neuili), and beds of diabase tuff (Schalstein). 



The chief limestone of the Upper Devonian series is named 

 the " Ibergerkalk," from Iberg, a hill on the Upper Harz, 

 near Grund, a village 7 kilos W. from Clausthal. The 

 Iberg and Winterberg are parts of a great isolated boss of 

 Devonian limestone, which rises through the overlying Culm 

 strata. It is almost totally unstratified, and is very rich in 

 corals. The limestone is honeycombed by a vast number of 

 caverns and fissures, some of which contain deposits of iron- 

 stone, etc., and others are open to visitors {e.g., Baumanns- 

 and Bielshohle, near Eiibeland, Lower Harz). In the 

 Baumannshohle many bones of cave animals have been 

 found, such as cave bear, cave dog, hyaena, cat, horse, etc. 

 The limestone of the Iberg rises through the Culm grey- 

 wackes and shales, which are folded and crumpled round 



