228 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society. 



— the so-called Quadersandstone — which forms the pictur- 

 esque line of cliifs called the Teufelsmaner near Thale and 

 Blankenburg. 



The Senonian rocks have a rich fauna. A few of the principal 



species are Siphonia punctata, S. ficus, G-alerites elongatus, 

 Ter. carnea, Janira quadricostata, Lima Hoperi, Spondylus 

 striatus ; Inoc. Cuvieri, digitatus, lohatus ; Nautilus Icevigatus, 

 Belemnitella quadrata. Pentacrinites nodulosus ; Ostrea flabel- 

 liformis ; Exogyra auricularis; Cidaris clavigera; Holaster 

 gramdosus ; Rhynch. ala, pisum. 



4. Tektiaey and Pleistocene. 

 i. Oligocene. 



The Eocene group is not represented in Germany, and the 

 Brown coal, clay, and sand beds of the Oligocene series are 

 everywhere found resting unconformably on the Upper 

 Cretaceous rocks. 



The Brown coal of Germany is principally of Oligocene 

 age, but occurs at a few localities among the overlying 

 Miocene strata. Patches of brown coal are found in hollows 

 in the surface of the Secondary rocks around the Harz, e.g., at 

 Thale and Blankenburg, at Eiestedt, near Eisleben, etc., and 

 a small bed of brown coal has been found on the palaeozoic 

 rocks of the Lower Harz at Elbingerode.^ The brown coals 

 of the Harz are almost entirely composed of stems of Taxites 

 Ayckii and Taxoxylon Gopperti? The beds are very lenticular 

 and generally of small superficial extent, but at some parts 

 of Germany they reach a thickness of over 100 feet. They 

 are associated with beds of fine clay, sand, and quartz pebbles. 

 The latter are smooth and glossy, and have a well-marked 

 individuality, so that they can always be recognised when 

 associated with other rocks. 



The Brown Coal of Germany was deposited in isolated 

 lakes or ponds, and is not of terrestrial origin like most of 

 the Carboniferous coal seams. It also differs from the palaeo- 

 zoic coals in being composed of wood and not of bark or 



^ Zeitsch. der deutsch. geol. Gesellschaft, xxix., p. 202. 

 "^ Credner, Elemente der Geologie, 4te Auflage, p. 643. 



