Professor Turner on Fossil Bones of Mammals. 335 



the south-east corner of the new dock, and were lying in a 

 bed of wet gravel and shingle mixed with the shells of 

 oyster, mussel, cockle, immediately on the top of the red 

 boulder clay, and at a depth of 28 feet below the surface of 

 the ground, 10 feet above low- water level, 16 feet below 

 high-water level, and at a distance inland, southwards, of 

 about 450 yards from high- water mark. The material over- 

 lying the bones was a bed of gravel or shingle 10 feet in 

 thickness, above which 14 feet of sand intermixed with thin 

 beds of shingle and common sea shells, varying from 2 to 8 

 inches in thickness, were superimposed. 



Another skull of Bos primigenius was obtained during the 

 excavation for the gas-holder. It was imbedded, says Mr 

 Boyd, in soft sandy silt at a depth of 10 feet below the 

 surface of the ground, at about high-water level, 26 feet 

 above low- water level, and at a distance of 1000 yards 

 inland from high-water mark in a southerly direction from 

 the position of the bones found in the dock excavations, and 

 at a 16-feet higher level than those bones. The soft silt 

 overlaid the skull to a height of 5 feet ; above the silt was 

 4 feet of alluvial clay and 1 foot of surface soil. Boring 

 operations proved that the silt was continued to the depth of 

 20 feet below the surface. The collection consisted of bones 

 both of marine and terrestrial mammals, and the locality was, 

 in the opinion of Mr Hugh Miller, jun., of the Geological 

 Survey, an ancient raised beach (see Appendix, p. 338). 



One antler of the red deer was a very fine specimen. It 

 was the right, and a portion of the frontal bone was attached 

 to it. Its length in a straight line from the burr to the tip 

 of the highest point was 33 inches. The brow point was 

 unfortunately broken off close to the root, but the bay and 

 tray points were both entire, the one lOJ inches, the other 8 

 inches long. The beam spread out at the summit, and gave 

 origin to five points or crockets ; the crocket points were 

 somewhat rubbed, probably from friction against the gravel. 

 The surface of the beam was grooved and tuberculated. The 

 circumference of the beam between the burr and the brow 

 antler was 8f irches. The second antler, also the right, was 

 much smaller, and had a portion of the frontal bone attached. 



