On the Movements a7id Food of the Rerring, etc. 389 



the English channel, is found to flourish best between high 

 and low water marks. It fixes itself to ledges of rock, or in 

 shallow rock pools, in such a manner, that as the tide ebbs 

 the anemone is barely covered with water. In places where 

 any depth of water is left over this species at ebb tide, it 

 will always be noticed that a strong current exists, as for 

 instance at Gibraltar, where, in a narrow channel through 

 which a constant strong current flows, the bottom is per- 

 fectly carpeted with this species. It appears then that 

 for such forms as A. sulcata well aerated water is not suffi- 

 cient — there must be in addition a strong and constant 

 current. Many years' experience has shown that this is the 

 case. In the large public aquaria it has been found impos- 

 sible to keep this beautiful anemone more than six months 

 in the ordinary tanks, and in order to keep it longer and in 

 all its brilliancy I have found it necessary to imitate artifi- 

 cially the carpet garden near Gibraltar. 



XXXII. Investigations on the Movements and Food of the 

 Herring, with additions to the Marine Fauna of the 

 Shetland Islands. By Fred. G. Peaecey, Esq., of the 

 " Challenger " Expedition. [Plate XX.] 



(Read 21st January 1885.) 



In June last, when the Scottish Sea Fishing and Curing 

 Company (Limited) was formed, a berth on board the 

 " Energy," one of their three vessels, was kindly placed at 

 the disposal of Mr John Murray, V.P.E.S.E., of the " Chal- 

 lenger " Expedition Commission, for the purpose of allowing 

 a naturalist to accompany her on a trial cruise to the Shet- 

 land fishing grounds. Advantage was at once taken of this 

 offer, which it was seen would afford great opportunities for 

 the further study of the now great problem of the development, 

 migration, and food of the herring and other food fishes, 

 together with biological, physical, and meteorological work, 

 the result being that I was invited to accompany her for a 

 few weeks, an offer which I gladly accepted. 



