No.^Tir' ^^' EASTERN CHEROKEE GROUPS — KUPFERER 293 



its inconveniences and burdens, particularly since the Cherokee have 

 been drawn into a money economy. Occasionally people withdraw 

 from a situation in order to avoid its operation. An informant 

 said that "he [her husband] don't go over to Russell's any more to 

 get his hair cut. They are always out of something — coffee or flour — 

 and he has to get it for them." 



Generosity of this type is not unrelated to the use of a neutral 

 person in favor-seeking situations. Loans are sought through the use 

 of a third person and are seldom repaid; the lender rarely asks for 

 the return of his money. But he often complains to others that his 

 money has not been returned. Making requests of others (for loans 

 or for repayment) can be viewed as disruptive for both principals. 

 The possibility exists that an individual either does not wish to grant 

 the request or is unable to do so. If he refuses another to his face, 

 he offends, for the Harmony Ethic stipulates giving of oneself and 

 possessions. When the neutral is used, there is no face-to-face inter- 

 action which might involve refusal. The kind of generosity we have 

 been describing is peculiar to the Conservatives. Of generosity of 

 others we shall have more to say later. 



Aggression and aggressiveness. — Before I leave the general subject 

 of interpersonal relationships, it is necessary to say something about 

 aggression and aggressiveness. ^^ Although the two terms have dif- 

 ferent connotations, I have chosen to discuss them simultaneously. 

 In this case aggression refers to direct physical assaults, or to direct 

 oral exchanges. By aggressiveness is meant the type of behavior, 

 including initiative, forcefulness, or individuaUsm which is necessary 

 for success, according to some people. 



Both aggression and aggressiveness are typically lacking in Con- 

 servative behavior. It is only when people have been drinking that 

 direct physical encounters or quarrels take place. Any account of a 

 fight between two Conservatives always includes a remark to the 

 effect that they were drunk. Just as physical aggression is absent, 

 so is the kind of aggressiveness or single-mindedness necessary for 

 business success or individual achievement. Classroom competitive- 

 ness is not apparent among their children. Only in Indian ball and 

 its pallid substitute, softball, do aggression and aggressiveness occur. 

 Here they are circumscribed and institutionahzed by the game. 



NONEMPIRICAL BELIEFS 



This category has been divided into two somewhat related phases; 

 retention of the belief in immanent justice, and imitative magic, signs, 

 and omens. 



«> For a more complete interpretation and explanation of aggression and aggressiveness, see Qullck, 1960, 

 pp. 141-145. 



