No.^TS^' ^*^" EASTERN CHEROKEE GROUPS KUPFERER 299 



Lizzie, whose every word and action testifies to the attitude that 

 Indians are different, refers often to the Removal. "Andrew Jackson 

 did it ... if he didn't hke Indians he should have gone back across 

 the ocean; that's where he was from." Lizzie visited an old school- 

 mate. I asked, "Is she an Indian?" "No, she's White. She's a 

 Hornbuckle." I said, "J thought the Hornbuckles were part Indian." 

 "Well, just a little bit; she [sic] a White Indian." 



From all sides, one hears others described as White; the fact that 

 they are admixtures is of no significance to the Conservative. Appear- 

 ance plays an important role in these judgments, but it is not the whole 

 story. Behavior is evaluated according to standards of like-Indians 

 or not like-Indians. One elderly Conservative informant criticized 

 her daughter saying, "She begin to laugh too loud like White people. 

 Indians not like that." A woman, almost White in appearance, was 

 described thus: "She's too bossy, Indians not bossy." Examples of 

 this sort are legion, and combine to reinforce the idea that Conserva- 

 tives have a weU-defined system by which they guide their own activi- 

 ties and by which others are judged. The Conservatives show little 

 inclination to change their ways or to be affected by the opinion of 

 others. This position is speUed out in statements to the effect: "If 

 they don't like Indians, why don't they go away?" "That superin- 

 tendent don't love Indians" or "They must want us to be White." 

 There is never a hint that they might alter their position. To them 

 it is a simple matter: there are Indians and there are Whites, and if 

 the latter do not like Indians, it is no fault of the Indians. 



THE PROTESTANT ETHIC 



The dominant value of the Conservatives is the Harmony Ethic. 

 Antithetical to this is the value system reflected in the statements 

 and behavior of the Cherokee Middle Class. We have called this 

 system the Protestant Ethic, following Max Weber's conceptualiza- 

 tion. There is, according to Weber, a constellation of beliefs and 

 conduct arising from Puritanism and other Protestant sects which 

 has paved the way for modern capitalism : 



... it is not the doctrine of a religion but that form of ethical conduct upon 

 which premiums are placed that matters. . . . For Puritanism, that conduct 

 was a certain methodical, rational way of life . . . proving oneself before God . . . 

 proving oneself before man . . . they helped to deliver the spirit of modern 

 capitalism; its specific ethos: the ethos of the modern bourgeois middle class. 

 [Weber, 1946, pp. 320-321.] 



Puritan teaching disseminated values of planning and self-control to 

 economic activities. In short, it encouraged worldly success. On the 

 heels of the internalization of the theological doctrines which supported 

 the conduct, came the secularization process in which practical indus- 



