308 BUREAU OF AIMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 196 



Bill, a White Indian about 33, said, "I liate this place. God, I 

 don't feel like much of anything, an outcast maybe . . . when I'm 

 here and see these Indians, I'm ashamed of how they look and be- 

 have . . . ashamed to be part Indian. But when I'm away and hear 

 people talk about Indians, then my blood boils." He has frequent 

 spells of drunkeness, which cause his mother great concern. His 

 brother said one evening, after sharply criticizing Indians, "Of course 

 I'm an Indian, too; at least I suppose I think I'm one because I was 

 brought up here." 



There is one fullblood man, well educated and well traveled, who 

 has returned to Cherokee. He has been married twice, each time to a 

 White woman. He remarked that he never could become interested 

 in an Indian girl. "I dated a few Indian girls . , . but if I wanted 

 anything, I always went outside." "Why?" I questioned. "Well, 

 they all seemed like sisters to me." He, too, has a drinking problem. 

 When he talks about Indians, he uses phrases like "these Indians." 

 He has a brother who has legally changed his name to one which does 

 not suggest Indian affiliation, and who has left the area permanently. 



Generalized Indians and Rural Whites. — Generalized Indians, like 

 the Middle Class, frequently use such phrases as: ^^ Those Indians"; 

 "They don't care"; or "I can't understand them," when referring to 

 Conservatives. I am not sure that self-doubt reaches the same 

 intensity in them as it does in members of the Middle Class. Never- 

 theless, the following conversation implies that, at least among a 

 few, it has become a problem. Jack, a man of 38, was quite intoxicated 

 one evening. In typical fashion he listed his grievances. One of the 

 major ones was his wife. "My wife," he said, "is a damn Indian ... of 

 course I'm an Indian, too, but she's a damn Indian. Come up and 

 see us; you'll see what I mean." Jack, an only child, is nearly a full- 

 blood. He attended the boarding school until he enlisted in the Navy 

 during World War II. He speaks no Cherokee. His wife is a full- 

 blood from Snow Bird who comes from a Conservative family. During 

 this same conversation Jack mentioned that a Biu-eau of Indian 

 Affairs employee has given him a "hard time." "Why?" I asked, 

 "Oh, she's fromBryson, all those Bryson people think they are better 

 than we are . . . why, they won't hardly be nice to you on the streets." 



Rural Whites also use the third person when speaking of Conserva- 

 tives, and they are critical of Conservative ways. The data are in- 

 conclusive as to the amount of ambivalence present in this group, 

 although there is some suggestion of it. One Rural White said of 

 the "fuUbloods," "If it weren't for the White blood in the Indians 

 around here you'd be scalped tonight .... Those fuUbloods hate 

 White Indians." "Are you one?" I asked. "Hell yes, me and the 

 whole bunch of us!" He suddenly changed the subject, asking, 



