^0.^78]^' ^^^" EASTERN CHEROKEE GROUPS — KUPFERER 315 



reflecting values consistent with the Protestant Ethic.^* Some of the 

 descendants of the original founders of this group have left the area 

 entirely. Others who have remained are found in the middle class 

 business group, while still others are among the more resourceful 

 farmers who live at the uppermost range of the lower class. These 

 farmers express the dominant values of the middle class, but their 

 style of life is not middle class. This entire kindred has always lived 

 close to the center of the reservation. 



Later, at about the time that the land was being acquired on behalf 

 of the Indians, other Whites moved in. These intruders claimed that 

 they were part Indian ia order to obtain land-use rights. Others en- 

 tered the tribe by marriage, and some are accused of "squatting." 

 In any event, these Whites akeady represented different classes. AU 

 of them married, or cohabited with, the people present on the reser- 

 vation. Their offspring, with few exceptions, were encultm-ed to the 

 specific orientation of the White model present. From this group 

 stem people who are now in the middle class, and those who are now 

 in the lower class. 



There were families who did not have White models in their kin- 

 group. There were, nevertheless, other influences present. These m- 

 fluences are ultimately associated with the boarding school, the place 

 of residence, and contact with missionaries and traders. The "fuU- 

 bloods" who lived in what is now Cherokee and the immediate en- 

 virons were in contact with the White Indians and the White spouses 

 of other mixed marriages. They were also exposed to the mission- 

 aries and the traders who acted as models with various degi'ees of suc- 

 cess. Conservatives who lived up in the coves away from the center 

 were not thrown into constant contact with the more sophisticated 

 group evolving there. 



When the boarding school was opened, those people who Hved 

 closest to it sent then- children there. Because of their proximity 

 to the school and the probable influence of the presence of Whites in 

 the immediate area, many of these children remained in school. 

 "FuUblood" children who lived fai'ther away came into the school also, 

 but a substantial number of these ran away. These are the adult 

 Conservatives of today. The youngest of these have parents who es- 

 caped the early boarding school and did not insist on their children's 

 attendance at the elementary day schools which were built later. 

 These people are clustered in Big Cove, Snow Bird, and Soco, with a 

 few small enclaves elsewhere. 



" See Codere, 1961, p. 514. The author raises the question of whether or not the Kwakiutl were con- 

 fronted with a Protestant Ethic in their contact with Western culture, and suggests that the possibility of 

 such influence is an important problem for further research. 



