Anthrop. Pap. 

 No. 79] 



THE RAMAH NAVAHO — KLUCKHOHN 



355 



workers to toothache, mouth abcesses, teeth pulled, and the like. 

 There are individual cases of minor abnormahties : tumors, bone 

 exostoses, supernumerary nipples, six toes, spinal curvatures, de- 

 formed arms, and squint eyes. 



Degenerative diseases are not absent here but are relatively in- 

 frequent. Of approximately 450 persons examined, about 95 percent 

 revealed no heart abnormality and only 3 individuals showed a con- 

 dition that could be described as serious or semiserious. There was 

 one Imown case of cancer in the previous decade. There is one known 

 case of cerebral hemorrhage. 



DEATHS 



Total Ramah Navaho deaths (including those of immigrants) for 

 the period 1871-1949 are given in table 8. Further information on 

 conditions of life as they may bear upon values can be obtained from 

 a consideration of the available facts upon causes of death. I include 

 only those data that are based either on accidents (e.g., an infant's 

 burning to death) or medical testimony. Of the total 372 known 

 deaths in this population (table 8), there are definitely established 

 causes for 129 as detailed in table 9. 



Table 8. — Ramah Navaho deaths, 1871-1949 ^ 



' Including those of immigrants. 



Table 9. — Causes of Ramah deaths 



Cause 



Number 



Respiratory ailment (tuberculosis, pneumonia, influenza) 



Accidents 



Infants and children from dysentery and other intestinal ailments. 



Mothers as a consequence of childbirth 



Homicide (all men except one Infant) 



Infectious diseases (whooping cough, typhoid, diptheria) 



Infants as a consequence of birth injury. .- 



Degenerative diseases (cancer, heart disease)' 



Suicide* 



Appendicitis. 



Total - 



33 

 26 

 23 

 23 

 6 

 6 

 5 

 4 



2 

 1 



' One Instance was syphiUtic heart disease. 



' One of these cases may have been accident rather than suicide. 



