No.^Tir' "^^^ RAMAH NAVAHO — KLUCKHOHN 357 



acculturated males despite their younger average age. Family analysis suggests 

 that sex-specific genetic factors partly determine blood pressure within the normal 

 range and that this genetic control is more effective or achieves greater vaso-motor 

 stability in the Navaho environment than in modern industrial society, 



PHYSIQUE 19 



A mean stature of 167 cm. places the Ramah Navaho male in the 

 medimn-tall category. Although a few women are obese, the typical 

 Ramah Navaho is not heavy in terms of stature. They are moder- 

 ately long armed and broad shouldered and their legs are relatively 

 short compared to stature. The head is round with a mean cephahc 

 index of 86 in both sexes. The occiput is usually flattened but rarely 

 deformed. Head height ranges from low to medium. The face is 

 broad with relatively large and projecting malars although the 

 bizygomatic breadth is not great compared to head breadth. Total 

 facial mass is large compared to cephalic mass. Nose form ranges 

 from narrow to medium and a moderate degree of midfacial prog- 

 nathism is usually present. 



Skin color varies from light-yellow brown to dark-yellow brown. 

 Exposed areas of the skin are deeply tanned. Hair color is medium 

 brown to dark brown and is Ughter in females and children than in 

 adult males. A minority have some red hair pigment not masked by 

 melanin. The hair is typically straight and coarse. Head hair is 

 abundant; body hair is scarce, although some males have moustaches. 

 Eye color is typically dark brown but light-brown eyes occur in some 

 kindreds. 



There is considerable variation in body types both within and 

 between sexes. Females are higher in endomorphy and males are 

 higher in ectomorphy. The range of adult body types in females is 

 721 to 215 and in males 543 to 135. The two most common body 

 types in females are 413 and 423 and in males 225 and 434. 



About 77 percent are blood group O and 23 percent are Ai, the B 

 gene being absent from the population. Only 1 percent are type N 

 and all are Rh positive. Less than 2 percent are nontasters for 

 phenylthiocarbamide and less than 1 percent are nonsecretors for 

 the ABO blood group substances. About 2 percent of males are 

 red-green colorblind. 



Table 11 presents 12 measurements of body size and weight in adult 

 Ramah Navaho Indians compared to adult White residents of Ann 

 Arbor, Mich., all measured by the same technique and investigator.^" 



'» For motor habits, see Bailey, 1942. 



20 The section on "Physique," with table 11, was kindly prepared by Dr. J. N. Spuhler, Department 

 of Medical Genetics, University of Michigan. 



