12 BUREAU OF AMERIOAK ETHNOLOGY [bull. 45 



heard at a distance of 10 miles. These drums are not unpleasantly 

 loud, but the sound has great vibration and carries a long distance. 



This miti'gwakik' is made of a basswood log, hollowed by charring 

 and scraping. It is 16 J inches high, 10 inches in diameter at the 

 base, and 8^ inches in diameter at the top. It is decorated with a 

 blue band at the base, four heads representing the four Mide' manido', 

 and an oblong said to represent a bag containing yarrow, which 

 signifies life. The heads are outlined in red and the bag in blue. 

 When in use it is partially filled with water (the plug in the side is 

 plainly shown). The top is of untanned deerskin, which is dampened 

 and stretched very tight. At times, instead of being dampened the 

 top of the drum is held toward the fire or in the warmth of the sun, 

 which has the desired effect. Great care is taken in preparing a 

 drum for use, the proper quality of tone being secured by the treat- 

 ment of the deerskin top. 



Four rattles comprise a set as used in the Mide'. (See description 

 of Mule' ceremony, p. 48.) These are not decorated. Three consist 

 of small wooden drums, each provided with a sewn cover of hide, 

 containing small stones or shot and pierce'd by a stick which forms 

 the handle. The writer has seen rattles of this type used in the 

 treatment of the sick by means of the Mlde^ These rattles are used 

 also in the ''shooting of spirit power" during a ceremony of the 

 Mide'. The 'fourth rattle is made on a frame of bent wood. Each 

 of these rattles has a different tone, determined by the quantity of 

 stones or shot which it contains. 



The round instrument at the right of the drum in the illustration 

 is the rattle used by the dja'saMd (doctor or juggler) ; if the dja'sakid 

 be also a member of the Mide'wiwin he may use this as a drum when 

 practising the Mide' songs or teaching them to others. As stated else- 

 where, the dja'sakid are frequently members of the Mide'wiwin, and 

 it was from such a man that this instrument was secured. It is 9^ 

 inches in diameter, one-half inch in thickness, and contains only three 

 or four shot or small stones. Across the face of the drum is a blue 

 band, the smaller segment of the circle being painted green. Larger 

 instruments of the same type are also used by the dja'sakid; many of 

 them are elaborately decorated. The use of this instrument in the 

 treatment of the sick is fully described in the chapter on dream songs. 

 (See p. 119.) 



The drum used in the moccasin game is about 15 inches in diameter 

 and 2 inches in thickness. It may have hide stretched over one or 

 both sides and some specimens have small bits of jingling tin set 

 in the hoop. The stick used in beating this drum is similar to the 

 one shown with the dja'sakid instrument. 



The courting flute of the Chippewa is usually made of cedar and is 

 similar in construction to the flutes of otlier Indian tribes. 



