8 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 42 



desirable, could not be employed on account of the short time avail- 

 able. The writer is well aware that in their absence his work is 

 incomplete and not fully satisfactory. Nevertheless, the results can 

 be safely regarded as more accurate than any secured hitherto by 

 general observation. 



The investigation was everywhere promoted by the Indians them- 

 selves, who welcomed an inquiry into the disease which is deci- 

 mating them, the gravity of which they well appreciate, but against 

 which they feel utterly helpless. 



IV. RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS, BY TRIBES 



The results will be presented in as brief form as is consistent with 

 their importance. They consist of general data regarding the actual 

 state of the different tribes, and statistical data based on the exami- 

 nations made. °' 



Menominee 



The Menominee, according to the latest census, number 1,464 in- 

 dividuals, of whom 784 are males and 680 females. The excess in 

 number of males over females is not natural, but is mainly due to the 

 fact that remnants of related people living in the neigliboring tribes 

 apply for and receive admission into the tribe and more males than 

 females are admitted. Were it not for this accession, the Menominee, 

 notwithstanding a high birth rate, would show a gradual decrease in 

 numbers as a result of the high mortality largely caused by tubercu- 

 losis. 



These Indians occupy parts of an extensive reservation in north- 

 eastern Wisconsin, about 50 miles west of Lake Michigan. They have 

 lived in the same general region since our first knowledge of them, and 

 may be considered, therefore, as well inured to its climatic peculiari- 

 ties. The surface of the reservation is partly flat and partly of an 

 irregular, rolling character, with many small hills and depressions. 

 Much of the land is covered with mixed woods, in which pine pre- 

 dominates. The soil is sandy and clayey. Water is very abundant, 

 there being more than thirty small lakes and several fair-sized rivers; 

 there are no undrained bodies of water or swamps. The water in 

 most of the lakes contains traces of iron and lime, but no sulphur. 



The climate is rather moist and cool. There is no dry season; the 

 rains are particularly abundant in spring and fall, lasting sometimes 

 upwards of a week at a time; snow is also plentiful. The tempera- 

 ture rarely rises liigher than 85° F. in summer and drops, though not 

 frequently, to as low as 30° below zero in winter. Winter begins 

 usually late in November and ends during the latter half of March. 

 Winds are highest from March to June. They blow mainly from 



a In this connection the writer expresses his indebtedness for valuable assistance, to the agents and 

 the agency physicians of the several reservations. 



