14 BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 42 



so-called ''passing of the pipe." Whenever a number of men have 

 gathered in a house, there is passed from mouth to mouth a hghted 

 pipe, the mouthpiece of which is never cleaned. As there is often 

 in such a group an individual in the earlier stages of consump- 

 tion, the habit must be regarded as providing a direct mode of 

 infection with the disease. 



Drunkenness is infrequent on the reservation, owing to the scarcity 

 of liquor. 



QUINAIELT 



This small tribe, which on June 30, 1907 numbered only 141 indi- 

 viduals, lives on a relatively large and thickly wooded reservation 

 along the seacoast and about the Quinaielt river and lake in north- 

 western Washington. The Quinaielt are a branch of the Coast 

 Indians of that general region, and the data concerning them, in 

 this paper, apply equally to the related groups situated farther north, 

 on the peninsula. (Pis. 10, 12.) 



The Quinaielt are quite advanced in civilization. They live in 

 frame dwellings, the newest of which are, both in architecture and 

 furnishing, comparable with similar dwellings among us. The}^ 

 dress as do the whites, and each family is provided with various 

 utensils and other articles of civilized manufacture. 



The reservation is an extensive flat, elevated but little above the 

 sea, and overgrown with an almost impenetrable primeval forest, in 

 which spruce and hemlock predominate. The Indians are settled in 

 a village (pi. 11) at the mouth of the Quinaielt river, and in scattered 

 dwellings along this river and about Quinaielt lake. The village 

 consists of about twenty frame houses, built close together, but with- 

 out crowding. On account of the immense amount of labor involved, 

 and because of the abundance of food in the water, the Indians have 

 cleared Imt little of the land, and cultivate this on a very limited 

 scale. 



The climate of the region is not very agreeable. The temperature 

 never rises high, nor does it fall very low, but the air is often chilly 

 and raw, even in summer. The summers are rainless, but many of 

 the days are foggy, and on such days the mornings and evenings are 

 unpleasantly cold. From September to May or June is the rainy 

 season, during which precipitation is very frequent and abundant, 

 the average rainfall being usually well above 100 inches. During the 

 winter there are occasional severe windstorms. There is but little 

 snow, and this does not remain long. Frosts are rare and light. The 

 amount of sunshine which the Quinaielt receive in the course of the 

 year is decidedly below the average. The sea water is cold the whole 

 year. 



The Quinaielt are domestic, mild-mannered, and tractable. The 

 men of the tribe are almost exclusively fishermen. They depend par- 

 ticularly on the annual run of the highly valued Quinaielt salmon. 



