HRDUCKA] TUBERCULOSIS AMONG CERTAIN INDIAN TRIBES 17 



larl}^ plums and apples; and in season the women gather quantities of 

 acorns, preparations made from which are much liked by these people. 

 Most of the families possess horses and wagons, but there are only a 

 few cows on the resen^ation. A majority of the families keep also 

 chickens and raise pigs. In the spring there is fishing, when the 

 Hupa catch a great many eels and a limited number of salmon. Since 

 the establisliment of salmon canneries near the moutli of the river, 

 few of the fisli reacli as far up the stream as the valley. The men also 

 liunt in the valley and in the surrounding mountains, killing quail, 

 rabbits, deer, and bear. The meat of the bear, however, is not 

 eaten. A certain number of the Hupa men are employed b}' whites 

 at the government school and also outside of the valley. As a result 

 of these activities, there is usually but little want in the tribe, except 

 among the aged, the sick, or the dissipated. About tliirt}^ of the old 

 people receive biweekly limited rations from the Government. Never- 

 theless, there is no steatly supply of nourishing, properly prepared, 

 and regularly served food as there is among the whites living in the 

 same region. 



In their general habits the Hupa are domestic and less improvi- 

 dent than are numerous other tribes. They are intelligent and 

 approachable. Drunkenness is infrequent. However, they still 

 know very little concerning hygienic living. They do not take suffi- 

 cient care against exposure to wet and cold, and they have no ideas 

 about the prevention of sickness, particularly consumption. They 

 still use basket bowls for soups, passing them freely to well and sick 

 alike. These baskets are never properly cleaned and surely furnish 

 one means of spreading tuberculosis. 



Mohave 



The Mohave are divided into two main groups, one settled about the 

 Needles, Cal., and Fort Mohave, Ariz., in part reported by the writer 

 in Bulletin 34 of the Bureau of American Ethnology, while the other — 

 formerly the main body of the people — lives on the reservation along 

 the Colorado river, 2 miles south of Parker, Ariz. The following 

 notes apply to this latter group only. 



The Colorado River Mohave number 465 individuals. They are, 

 with few exceptions, of pure blood. Their reservation is of moderate 

 size and is located in a part of the region where they have dwelt since 

 ancient times. The land is covered with willows, cottonwoods, and 

 mesquite along the river, but assumes a short distance from it the 

 semidesert character of the surrounding country. The ground is 

 flat and low, and a narrow strip near the river is subject to annual 

 overflow. The soil is of fine sand and silt adobe, quite barren, but 

 fertile when irrigated. 



